入射

Variations of the dynamic concentration factor on the boundary of the small circular cavity vs different dimensionless wave number and incident angle of the incident wave are discussed, the results of the given example show that the method used here is reasonable.

文中具体讨论小圆孔边界处的动应力集中系数随无量纲波数、入射波入射角的变化情况，算例结果表明文中处理方法是合理的。

The influence of free surface on tunnels is discussed.The influence of blasting vibration on fresh concrete lining is studied. The finite element method is employed to analyze the spatial distribution of temperature and thermal stress of fresh concrete lining, the wave function expansion method is used to study the interaction of blasting seismic wave and the circular tunnel with lining, thenthe safe PPV of fresh concrete lining with different age is decided by taking into account the thermal stress of concrete lining. Using the conformal mapping method, the influence of blasting vibration on the arch tunnel with lining is studied and the safe PPV of concrete lining is deduced under different incident angle.

研究了爆破振动对新浇混凝土衬砌的影响，采用有限元法求出了圆形洞室新浇混凝土衬砌内温度和温度应力在空间上的分布及其随时间的变化，采用波函数展开法求解了爆破地震波与有衬砌圆形洞室的相互作用，获得了考虑新浇混凝土衬砌内温度应力前提下不同龄期的新浇混凝土衬砌的安全振速；利用保角变换研究了爆破振动对直墙拱形有衬砌隧洞的影响，得到了爆破地震波以不同角度入射时混凝土衬砌的安全振速。

Complex method and multi-polar coordinate transformation are used here to study the scattering problem of SH -wave to the circular cavity in the half-space with elastic constraints acting on the straight boundary.

利用复变函数法和多极坐标移动技术求解讨论弹性约束边界半空间内浅埋圆孔对稳态入射平面SH（shearing horizontal，反平面剪切）波的散射问题。

The model is applied to numerically analyze the wave field and the coastwise current formed by the breaking of oblique incident wave in the Leadbetter Beach, Santa Barbara, California, USA. In the analysis the Crank-Nicolson scheme is adopted to solve the parabolic mild slope equation and the ADI finite difference scheme is applied to solve the model of wave induced coastwise current.

运用该近岸流方程，对美国Santa Barbara Leadbetter海岸波浪斜向入射所产生的波浪场及波浪破碎所形成的沿岸流进了数值模拟，其中抛物型缓坡模型采用Crank-Nicolson格式进行数值离散，近岸流方程采用ADI差分格式离散。

An eyelike principle for the imaging at monofrequency, monoincidence and small imaging angle is proposed and an interesting complementary relation between the imaging angle and operation wave length for the inverse scattering is revealed.

文中提出在单一波数，单一入射并且小成象角条件下成象的似视原理。揭示了在散射成象问题中存在着成象角与工作波长的互补关系。

It utilized a concave lens to reflect the incident light in lithography process and controls the exposure dosage in photoresist. Micro-pyramid array in photoresist is then developed onto the substrate.

利用凹透镜改变曝光机入射光的角度，控制曝光剂量於光阻中，以成型出四角锥柱微结构，并将其应用在导光板制造技术上。

The influence of the incident position on bird-wing phase conjugation properties is investigated.

研究了入射位置对互抽运相位共轭特性的影响。

Astronomers have partially solved the problem of looking at objects near to a star's bright glare by inventing the coronagraph, which focuses all the incoming light around a dark spot in the telescope's innards, neatly clipping off most of the central starlight and passing on much of the planetary glow.

天文学家用日冕仪一定程度上解决了观测恒星强光附近物体的难题。日冕仪精巧地阻挡了进入望远镜中央区域的绝大部分恒星光，让更多的行星光进入望远镜。这样一来，日冕仪就能专注于分析望远镜内部圆形黑暗区域周围的入射光。

Astronomers have partially solved the problem of looking at objects near to a star's bright glare by inventing the coronagraph, which focuses all the incoming light around a dark spot in the telescope's innards, neatly clipping off most of the central starlight and passing on much of the planetary glow

日冕仪精巧地阻挡了进入望远镜中央区域的绝大部分恒星光，让更多的行星光进入望远镜这样一来，日冕仪就能专注于分析望远镜内部圆形黑暗区域周围的入射光。

The first is incoherent incidence light. The density distribution shows coronet as to the single mode.

根据入射光的相干性分为非相干和相干两种情况进行讨论。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。