免疫的

Firstly, we consider SIQR epidemical models with continuous and pulse vaccinations; the reproduction numbers have been obtained for those models; by using Dulac function, we prove the global stabilities of equilibrium of SIQR model with continuous vaccination. In the SIQR epidemical models with pulse vaccinations, we have also discussed the existence of the infection-free periodic solution, the global stabilities of the infection-free periodic solutions, and the effectiveness of pulse vaccination and continuous vaccination policies has been compared for the two models.

文中首先考虑具有连续免疫接种和脉冲免疫接种的SIQR传染病模型，分别获得了它们各自的基本再生数；利用Dulac函数方法证明了具有连续免疫接种的SIQR模型无病平衡点的全局渐近稳定性；在脉冲免疫接种下SIQR传染病模型里，讨论了无病周期解的存在性，证明了该周期解的全局渐近稳定性，并且对连续和脉冲接种下的SIQR传染病模型的接种效率进行了比较。

The heterologous protein fragments are so-called CTL epitope, which is the linear fragment or the space conformation structure recognized specifically by immune cell and plays a key role in CTLs activation. It is the elementary event of inducing immune responses and it decides CTL specific cytotoxic effects, therefore, selection of antigen epitope makes the pivotal step to identification of specific antibodies.

抗原肽是抗原中能被免疫细胞特异性识别的线性片段或空间构象性结构，是引起免疫应答和免疫反应的基本单位，在机体免疫中发挥关键的作用，抗原表位的选择也是能否获得特异性抗体的关键。

A wide range of topics are covered,including fundamental research on animal immune systems; new techniques and developments in veterinary immunodiagnosis; immunogenetics; immunology and immunopathology of parasitic and infectious disease; and clinical immunology in animals.

该期刊覆盖的主题包括：动物免疫系统的基本研究；兽医免疫诊断的新技术和发展；免疫遗传学；寄生生物引起的疾病和传染病的免疫学和免疫病理学等。

Abstract］ objective to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different samples and different methods in detection for banded krait venom.methods double immunodiffusion and enzymelinked immunosorbent assay were used as the methods to detect different samples of people and animal who were bit by banded krait.results in double immunodiffusion the samples were all negative;with elisa the samples of wound tissue liquid and blood were all positive.conclusion wound tissue liquid and blood are both fitting samples in detection for banded krait venom;double immunodiffusion isn't adapt to detect banded krait biting patient,but elisa is an good detection method.

目的 探讨银环蛇毒中毒检测中不同材料与不同方法的优缺点。方法采用双向免疫扩散法与间接elisa法对银环蛇毒中毒的人与动物的不同标本进行检测。结果双向免疫扩散法死者伤口皮肤组织液、死者心脏血清、死小猪伤口皮肤组织液及死小猪血清标本均未见免疫沉淀带；elisa法测标本均为阳性。结论银环蛇毒中毒检测中伤口皮肤组织液和血液都是合适的材料；双向免疫扩散法的检出率较低，而elisa法则是一种较好的检测方法。

The results of immuhistochemistry show: compared with normal retina, more 3-NT-positive cells and iNOS-positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; less eNOS-positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer and vascular endoderm of diabetic retina; less nNOS -positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; more ET-positive cells, ETRA- positive cells, ETRB- positive cells appear in inner nucleus layer of diabetic retina; moreα- synuclein- positive cells appear in ocular cone and rod layer of diabetic retina. Conclusions 1. RFDD-PCR is an efficient technique for research diseases genomics as a mass screening to complete gene expression with the identifying of candidate gene related to disease.

免疫组织化学结果显示：13-NT和NOS：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，INL的3-NT和iNOS免疫阳性细胞明显增多，INL和血管内皮层的eNOS阳性细胞明显减少，INL的nNOS阳性细胞也明显减少；2ET及ETR：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，ET、ETRA、ETRB免疫阳性细胞明显增多，增多的阳性细胞主要集中于INL，而在血管内皮层增多不明显；3α-synuclein：与正常视网膜相比，8周糖尿病大鼠视网膜中，α-synuclein免疫阳性细胞明显增多，增多的阳性细胞主要集中于视网膜视锥视杆层。

The slow and constant HBV infection has distinct connection with the identification, responsion and endurance of HBV antigen by human immune systems.

HBV感染的慢性化和持续感染与免疫系统对HBV抗原的识别、应答和耐受明显相关，因此HBV特异性免疫应答对决定慢性乙肝病毒感染者的病程、病理和转归有极重要的意义，是什么因素导致了机体免疫系统一系列的免疫异常进而导致对HBV感染的持续无应答状态和疾病的慢性化过程？

We use the kidney to research the issue of that cystamine can regulate kidney to improve the disease or not. In flow cytometry, we use CD8/CD4/CD25 makers to observe the balance of TH1/TH2, and we find that cystamine can raise TH2 expression to produce autoantibodies and also can induce overexpression of Treg to ease inflammation.

为了同时在免疫方面观察胱胺是否也有著能减缓SLE的倾向，进而深入了解观察肾脏这个重要的次级免疫器官，探讨cystamine是否对於肾脏也具有重要的调节作用进而能改善病症，在本实验中以flow cytometry对免疫倾向的确认，透过CD8/CD4/CD25 maker观察TH1/TH2 balance，发现胱胺能有效的反转SLE大量倾向TH2进而产生的自体抗体，同时也能增加 Treg的高量表达进而去抑制免疫反应缓解发炎。

The PSCA_3 fragment was selected for its superior expression level in eukaryotic cells.Then the sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI genetic fragment was cloned into pVAX1-neo-IRES-GM/B7 vector to construct the final immunological inhanced DNA vaccine pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB. Immunofluorescence and flow cytometry were used to confirm the expression of PSCA_3 fragment by transfected into Cos7 cell.Finally,the anti-tumor effect of pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB was tested in murine prostate cancer model generated by RM-1 cell line.The animal was immunized with pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB DNA vaccine by intramuscular injection plus electroporation,pVAX1 and pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB plasmid were used as control.The inhibitory effect of tumor was investigated by observion of forming time,volume and inhibition ratio of tumor.Results:DNA sequencing conformed that the heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragment which was synchronized by overlapping-extending-PCR,was consistent to design.Enzyme digestion analysis showed that the 1 to 4 copies heterological PSCA fusion antigen fragments were constructed successfully.

方法(1)检索GenBank，选择包含人主要T细胞抗原表位序列的人PSCA基因片段，应用异种化抗原设计技术，保留人T细胞抗原表位，设计异种化PSCA融合抗原片段；(2)根据核酸序列按中心模板法设计引物，应用重叠延伸PCR技术拼接合成异种化PSCA融合抗原片段基因，以PCR、限制性酶切和DNA序列测定法进行鉴定：(3)利用DNA限制性内切酶BssHⅡ和MluⅠ酶切后粘端互补的特点，采用同尾酶法构建1—4拷贝异种化PSCA融合抗原片段(PNCA_1-PSCA_4)，并将上述片段分别插入真核表达载体pCI-neo-Fc-GPI中，转染293T细胞，借助免疫荧光+流式细胞术考察插入片段表达效率，最终选定PSCA_3片段进行下一步研究；(4)将sig-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI基因片段自pCI-PSCA_3-Fc-GPI质粒上切下，插入pVAX1-neo-IRES—GM/B7载体中，构建免疫增效DNA疫苗pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，并应用转染Cos7细胞+免疫荧光/流式细胞术方法鉴定其在真核细胞中的表达情况；(5)给8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠皮下种植RM-1细胞，制备小鼠前列腺癌模型，并采用股四头肌肌肉注射+电脉冲法(Electroporation，EP)接种DNA疫苗质粒pVAX1-PSCA_3-FcGB，同时接种pVAX1空载体质粒和pVAX1-PSCA_1-FcGB质粒作为对照，通过观察计算免疫动物的成瘤时间、肿瘤体积和抑瘤率，来评价该DNA疫苗在小鼠体内的抑瘤效果。

By comparing the body weight, immune organs index and response of lymphocytes to ConA, to analyze the effect of QKL on immunological system of normal mouse. Delayed type hypersensitivity mouse model was established by stimulation with dinitrofluorobenzene. By comparing spleen index and swelling rate of pathogenetic ear, to illuminate the immunoregulation of QKL in vivo. Polymicrobial sepsis mouse model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. The cumulative survival rate was observed in QKL and NS groups. Results: QKL had no influence on body weight and spleen index of normal mouse, but it could significantly decrease thymus index and inhibit the immune response of lymphocytes to ConA.

连续皮下注射QKL 5 d，通过检测小鼠体重、免疫器官指数和淋巴细胞对ConA刺激的反应，分析QKL对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响；采用二硝基氟苯诱发小鼠耳朵肿胀，发生接触性皮炎，建立DTH模型，通过比较QKL与NS对照对小鼠脾脏指数和发病耳肿胀抑制率评价QKL体内对小鼠的免疫调节功能；采用盲肠结扎穿孔术后引起的多细菌性腹膜炎，建立小鼠脓毒症模型，通过观察QKL对小鼠存活状况的影响，评价QKL的免疫调节作用。

In trimera model, irradiated LB373 cells and other recombinant vaccines could elicit cellular and humoral response, which suggests that this model could be applied for evaluating effects of all vaccines targeting to human in addition to various transgenic animals.

在Trimera模型中，用照射过的LB373细胞和各种基因疫苗免疫后能激发出mage-3抗原特异的细胞免疫应答和体液免疫应答，提示这种模型可以通用于基于人的各种疫苗免疫效果的评价，这将是各种转基因动物之外的另一个备选方案。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。