免疫发生

As showed above, we could draw the conclusion that H3 viruses could cause outbreaks or local epidemics in Shanghai for the immune of population to the new emerging antigenic drift was still unknown though there was strong immune barrier to the previous vaccine strain, H1 viruses also may caused epidemics as the population had a weak immune protection to the previous reference strains A/New Caledonia/20/99-like and part of the recent isolates were distingwishing from them and continued to evolute on the new reference strain, and H5N1 HPAI activities has expanded its geographical range thus increasing the size of the population at risk as the continuing emergence of human cases which give the virus an opportunity to evolve towards a fully transmissible pandemic strain. We should keep eyes on the human cases of avian influenza virus an its variation for the H5 isolates in Shanghai also has the possibility to infect human directly and the infection of H5, H9 viruses had previously occurred in the population especially in those contacting with animals.

综合上述分析结果，我们认为上海地区人群虽然对原有的H3亚型参考病毒株有较高的免疫保护，但H3亚型病毒HA已出现新的抗原漂移，人群现在对新变异株的保护水平尚未知，有可能在未来引起局限性暴发甚至地方性流行；人群对H1亚型流感病毒免疫保护水平低，同时H1亚型流感病毒株部分与原推荐疫苗株抗原性差别较大，并在现推荐疫苗株基础上继续变异，需警惕发生流行的可能性；H5N1亚型高致病性禽流感地域范围扩大，人间病例不断发生，存在演变成大流行株的威胁，上海市H5亚型禽流感病毒株存在跨宿主屏障感染人类的可能性，而且已发现人群尤其禽、畜类动物接触人群中存在H5、H9亚型流感病毒的既往感染，应警惕禽流感病毒的变异和人间病例的发生。

Twenty-six eyes which appeared rejection after allograft penetrating keratoplasty between April 2003 and April 2004 in Shandong Shi'erming Eye Hospital were collected, including 16 males and 10 females, 9 cases were repeated relapsing viral keratitis, 8 cases were traumatic posterior corneal leucoma, 5 cases were corneal decompensation caused by various intraocular surgery, 2 cases were congenital leucoma, and 2 cases had other symptom. The rejection occurred at 2 month to 2.5 years after operation. Among them 19 cases were transferred to our hospital and asked adding traditional Chinese therapy because western medicine was ineffective in other hospital.

选择山东施尔明眼科医院2003-04/2008-04接诊的同种异体穿透性角膜移植后发生排斥反应病例26例，男16例，女10例，反复发作病毒性角膜炎9例，创伤性后角膜白斑8例，各种内眼手术引起角膜失代偿5例，先天性角膜白斑2例，其他2例，上皮型免疫排斥反应、基质型免疫排斥反应、内皮型免疫排斥反应均有，排斥反应发生在术后2个月～2.5年，其中19例是外院西药治疗无效而转入山东施尔明眼科医院要求加用中医治疗。

Clinical Efficiency of Meningococcus Group A Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children Three Months to Five Years of Age Cellular and Humoral Components of Monocyte and Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Cord Blood Oral non-absorbed Antibiotics Prevent Infection in Acute non-lymphoblastic Leukemia Aspirin-induced Hepatotoxicity and Its Effect on Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Prediction of Morbidity in Hemophilus Influenzae Meningitis Neurological Sequelae in Children Surviving Mechanical Ventilation in the Neonatal Period Developmental Effects of Prolonged Pregnancy and the Postmaturity Syndrome Long-term Outcome of Hemophilus Influenzae Meningitis Related to Antibiotic Treatment Recommendations for a National Policy on Poliomyelitis Vaccination Impaired Humoral Immunity in Treated Hodgkin's Disease Development of Immune Response during Typhoid Fever in Man In Vitro Susceptibility of Recently Isolated gram-negative Bacteria to Gentamicin, Sisomicin, Tobramycin, and Amikacin Studies of Urticaria and Acute Serum Sickness with the CI Precipitin Test Epidemic Measles in a Highly Vaccinated Population Congenital Chloride Diarrhea Acute Parotitis Associated with Influenza, Type A: Twelve Cases Urinary Tract Infection in high-risk Newborn Infants Maternal ABO Blood Group Type B: A Risk Factor in the Development of Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease

脑膜炎双球菌A羣被囊多醣类疫苗接种在3个月到5岁大小孩之临床效果脐带血内单核球及嗜中性球化学向性之细胞成分及体液成分口服不被吸收的抗生素可预防性急非淋巴球性白血症病人罹患感染阿斯匹灵引起之肝毒性及其对幼年性风湿样关节炎之影响流行感冒杆菌脑膜炎预后之预测新生儿时期接受人工呼吸器其日后神经系统上之后遗症过期妊娠及过度成熟徵候对发育之影响流行感冒杆菌脑膜炎之长期预后与抗生素治疗之关系对"小儿麻痹预防接种的国家政策"的建议 Hodgkin's disease治疗后体液免疫之缺损伤寒患者免疫反应的研究目前分离出来的革兰氏阴性菌在体外对Gentamicin，Sisomicin，Tobramycin和Amikacin之感受性荨麻疹和急性血清病CI沉淀素试验的研究在大多数接种人羣发生的麻疹流行先天性氯腹泻与influenza A型病毒有关的急性腮腺炎：12病例报告高危险性新生儿的尿道感染母亲血型B型：为新生儿发生B羣链球菌疾病之个危险因素

The results indicated that avilamycin has significant effects on the non-specific immunity of Cyprinus carpio.

对鲤投喂适宜浓度(4mg／kg—8mg／kg)的阿维拉霉素，短期内有一定的免疫促进作用，投喂较长时间后会发生免疫抑制；对鲤使用高浓度的阿维拉霉素(≥16mg／kg)时，会迅速发生免疫抑制。

Clinical Efficiency of Meningococcus Group A Capsular Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children Three Months to Five Years of Age Cellular and Humoral Components of Monocyte and Neutrophil Chemotaxis in Cord Blood Oral non-absorbed Antibiotics Prevent Infection in Acute non-lymphoblastic Leukemia Aspirin-induced Hepatotoxicity and Its Effect on Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis Prediction of Morbidity in Hemophilus Influenzae Meningitis Neurological Sequelae in Children Surviving Mechanical Ventilation in the Neonatal Period Developmental Effects of Prolonged Pregnancy and the Postmaturity Syndrome Long-term Outcome of Hemophilus Influenzae Meningitis Related to Antibiotic Treatment Recommendations for a National Policy on Poliomyelitis Vaccination Impaired Humoral Immunity in Treated Hodgkin's Disease Development of Immune Response during Typhoid Fever in Man In Vitro Susceptibility of Recently Isolated gram-negative Bacteria to Gentamicin, Sisomicin, Tobramycin, and Amikacin Studies of Urticaria and Acute Serum Sickness with the CI Precipitin Test Epidemic Measles in a Highly Vaccinated Population Congenital Chloride Diarrhea Acute Parotitis Associated with Influenza, Type A: Twelve Cases Urinary Tract Infection in high-risk Newborn Infants Maternal ABO Blood Group Type B: A Risk Factor in the Development of Neonatal Group B Streptococcal Disease

脑膜炎双球菌A羣被囊多醣类疫苗接种在3个月到5岁大小孩之临床效果脐带血内单核球及嗜中性球化学向性之细胞成分及体液成分口服不被吸收的抗生素可预防性急非淋巴球性白血症病人罹患感染阿斯匹灵引起之肝毒性及其对幼年性风湿样关节炎之影响流行感冒杆菌脑膜炎预后之预测新生儿时期接受人工呼吸器其日后神经系统上之后遗症过期妊娠及过度成熟徵候对发育之影响流行感冒杆菌脑膜炎之长期预后与抗生素治疗之关系对&小儿麻痹预防接种的国家政策&的建议 Hodgkin's disease治疗后体液免疫之缺损伤寒患者免疫反应的研究目前分离出来的革兰氏阴性菌在体外对Gentamicin，Sisomicin，Tobramycin和Amikacin之感受性荨麻疹和急性血清病CI沉淀素试验的研究在大多数接种人羣发生的麻疹流行先天性氯腹泻与influenza A型病毒有关的急性腮腺炎：12病例报告高危险性新生儿的尿道感染母亲血型B型：为新生儿发生B羣链球菌疾病之个危险因素

By comparing the body weight, immune organs index and response of lymphocytes to ConA, to analyze the effect of QKL on immunological system of normal mouse. Delayed type hypersensitivity mouse model was established by stimulation with dinitrofluorobenzene. By comparing spleen index and swelling rate of pathogenetic ear, to illuminate the immunoregulation of QKL in vivo. Polymicrobial sepsis mouse model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture. The cumulative survival rate was observed in QKL and NS groups. Results: QKL had no influence on body weight and spleen index of normal mouse, but it could significantly decrease thymus index and inhibit the immune response of lymphocytes to ConA.

连续皮下注射QKL 5 d，通过检测小鼠体重、免疫器官指数和淋巴细胞对ConA刺激的反应，分析QKL对正常小鼠免疫功能的影响；采用二硝基氟苯诱发小鼠耳朵肿胀，发生接触性皮炎，建立DTH模型，通过比较QKL与NS对照对小鼠脾脏指数和发病耳肿胀抑制率评价QKL体内对小鼠的免疫调节功能；采用盲肠结扎穿孔术后引起的多细菌性腹膜炎，建立小鼠脓毒症模型，通过观察QKL对小鼠存活状况的影响，评价QKL的免疫调节作用。

There were no significant differences for the firing rates in the site of contralateral TNC neurons among during pre-CSD,CSD,and post-CSD (P＞0.05).For flunarizine group,the firing rates in the site of ipsilateral TNC neurons during pre-CSD were higher as compared with during CSD(P＜0.05).2.1 There were statistical differences on palasma levels of CGRP and SP among the three groups(P＜0.05).The levels of CGRP and SP in CSD group were higher than control group(P＜0.05).No significant differences on the levels of CGRP and SP in ipsilateral trigeminal ganglia were found among the three groups(P＞0.05).2 The number of neurons with positive CGRP and SP immunoreactivity was statistically different in right-sided trigeminal ganglia among the three groups (P＜0.05).The number in fight-sided trigeminal ganglia in CSD group was higher as compared with control group(P＜0.05).The number in right-sided trigeminal ganglia was statistically higher than that in left-sided trigeminal ganglion in CSD group(P＜0.05).3.1 Altered ReHo in ipsilateral pons and other brain regions response to pain such as basal nuclei,thalamus,cingulated gyms and prefrontal cortex was detected during the acute spontaneous attack as compared with during headache remission(P＜0.05,corrected by Monte Carlo simulation). 2 Positive functional connectivity was detected between ipsilateral pons and other brain regions related to pain within pain state and within non-pain state (P＜0.05,corrected by false discovery rate,FDR).Increased functional correlation between ipsilateral pons and other pain-related brain regions such as ipsilateral prefrontal cortex and contralateral subcallosal gyrus was detected during the acute spontaneous attack as compared with during headache remission(P＜0.05,corrected by Monte Carlo simulation).

结果1。对照组未发现CSD；同侧TNC放电频率，CSD中＞CSD后＞CSD前P＜0.05对侧TNC放电频率，CSD前、中、后无统计学差异(P＞0.05氟桂利嗪组同侧TNC放电频率，CSD前＞CSD中(P＜0.05)，CSD前与CSD后及CSD中与CSD后之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05)。2.1关于放免测定，各组血浆CGRP、SP水平有统计学差异(P＜0.05)，CSD组高于对照组(P＜0.05)，CSD组与氟桂利嗪组、对照组与氟桂利嗪组之间均无统计学差异P＞0.05各组之间同侧三叉神经节中CGRP、SP水平未见变化(P＞0.05.2关于免疫组化研究，右侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫阳性细胞数三组之间有统计学差异(P＜0.05)，多重两两比较结果CSD组大于对照组(P＜0.05)，CSD组与氟桂利嗪组之间、对照组与氟桂利嗪组之间无统计学差异P＞0.05左侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫阳性细胞数三组之间无统计学差异(P＞0.05CSD组中右侧三叉神经节CGRP、SP免疫反应阳性细胞数大于左侧(P＜0.05)。3.1局部一致性分析发现两组患者头痛疼痛状态较非疼痛状态脑活动发生变化的脑区有同侧脑桥以及其他疼痛相关脑区如基底节区、丘脑、扣带回、前额叶皮层等(P＜0.05，蒙特卡罗模拟校正)。2功能连接分析发现疼痛状态与非疼痛状态下主要疼痛相关脑区均与同侧脑桥有功能联系P＜0.05，false discovery rate，FDR校正疼痛状态与非疼痛状态比较，同侧前额叶皮层、对侧胼胝下回等疼痛相关脑区与同侧脑桥之间功能联系增强(P＜0.05，蒙特卡罗模拟校正。

The key problem for limb , skin or other composite tissues transplantation is to control posttransplantation rejection , which encumbers long term functional survival of transplanted organ and tissues .

作为皮肤复合组织移植的受者，术后出现排斥反应的几率很高，排斥反应发生的程度和频率将直接影响移植组织能否长期存活及功能能否及时恢复，而免疫抑制剂的个体化用药是否合理又直接影响术后免疫排斥反应发生的频率和程度，因此为受者&量体裁衣&制定免疫抑制剂术后个体化给药方案，是保证移植组织或器官有功能性的长期存活的关键因素之一。

As the product of the tumor (including ectopic hormone produced) or abnormal immune response (including cross-immunity, autoimmune and immune complex deposition, etc.) caused by endocrine, nerve, blood, digestion, bone joints, kidneys, skin lesions and other systems, causing corresponding clinical symptoms, known as paraneoplastic syndrome.

由于肿瘤的产物或异常免疫反应（包括交叉免疫、自身免疫和免疫复合物沉积等）引起内分泌、神经、造血、消化、骨关节、肾脏、皮肤等系统发生病变，引起相应的临床症状，称为副肿瘤综合征。

Result Obvious immunological rejection occurred after implantation of aortic and pulmonary homografts. Cellular and humoral immunological responses were involved in the process of chronic immunological rejection.

结果 低温保存同种带瓣管道移植后有明显的免疫排异反应发生，细胞和体液免疫参与免疫排异反应的过程；慢性免疫排异反应以细胞免疫为主。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。