免疫

This study that observed the expression and distribution of 4 apoptotic factors, relation apoptotic factor with apoptosis, changes of T and B subgroup, and changes of molecular pathology in 14 cows suffering from enzootic bovine leucosis from several resides was detected by histochemistry, TUNEL technology, immune-fluorescent flow cytometry and so on. The aim of this experiment supplies theoretic basis for preventive and therapy of EBL, and consult dates for T lymphoid cell leucosis of human being .

本研究检查并剖检了14例临床与实验室诊断为EBL的病牛，观察分析了肿瘤发生的情况和特征，采用免疫组织化学ABC法、原位末端标记TUNEL技术和免疫荧光流式细胞检测法等技术，从EBL肿瘤细胞凋亡特性入手，围绕4种凋亡因子和几种免疫相关因子与EBL肿瘤发生的关系及其在诊治方面的应用进行了首次有价值的探索，其目的在于为防治EBL提供科学的理论依据，同时，也将为人类T细胞白血病Ⅰ。

We suggest we should immune epizootiology Newcastle disease virus vaccine after immune tradition Newcastle disease virus vaccine, this can enhances the immunity effect, and reduces the rate.

建议种鸡群ND免疫接种时在使用传统毒株疫苗的基础上，进行ND流行毒株灭活疫苗的加强免疫，以提高免疫效果，降低ND的发生率。

Said Zhang Linqi, HIV immune escape mechanism is more subtle, HIV infection is precisely the immune system fight the infection of immune cells.

张林琦说，HIV具有免疫逃逸机制，更微妙的是，HIV恰恰感染的是免疫系统中对抗感染的免疫细胞。

Compared with classical cytotoxic T lymphocytes , NK cells are superior in the following aspects: NK cells are among the first cell types to be activated after intracellular pathogen stimuli, the activity of NK cells peaked between 1 to 3 days, retained during the first 7-10 days, and the T cells response emerged only after 7 days when the NK cell responses begin to decline; though comprising of only 10％-15％ of peripheral lymphocytes, NK cells mobilize most of the cell populations in a strong and high level response to different invasions, and act as key factors at early defense before a specific immune response could mount, while only certain clones were involved in T cell response; NK cells kill virus-infected or malignant transformed cells without pre-sensitization and without restriction by major histocompatibility antigen, which is usually a mechanism of immune escape to T cell recognition by virus-infected or tumor cells, thus NK cell in complementary with T cells play crucial roles in tumor and virus eradication.

NK细胞以其强大的细胞毒活性为特征，与细胞毒性T细胞相比，NK细胞具有如下特点：NK细胞虽然只占外周血淋巴细胞的10-15％，但是对刺激性因素产生应答的过程十分迅速，一次可以调动大多数细胞共同参与，而不是几个克隆的活化，免疫应答的强度高；病毒感染或恶性转化细胞的一个主要特征是细胞表达的MHCⅠ类分子下降或消失，并借助这一机制逃避特异性T细胞应答的识别，NK细胞介导的杀伤活性无需抗原刺激，不受MHCⅠ分子表达的限制，从而与T细胞应答互为补充发挥免疫防御的功能；NK细胞的免疫活性可以被多种细胞因子上调，其中IFNα，IL-2，IL-12，IL-15和IL-18具备更强的作用；NK细胞具有强大的细胞因子分泌功能，对于启动T细胞特异性应答必不可少。

objective to study the anti-tumor activity and enhancing immune effect of phellinus linteus.methods the anti-tumor activity of phellinus linteus was estimated by the longevity of eac mice,the immune effect of tumorous mice was tested by the experiment of carbon particle expurgation and the il-2 concentration in serum of tumorous mice was determined by elisa.results phellinus linteus can prolong eac mouse's life and can increase the il-2 concentration in serum of tumorous mouse but can't affect the immune effect of tumorous mouse.conclusion chinese hurb phellinus linteus possess some antitumor power for tumor-loaded mice,but further research is needed.

目的 观察桑黄对肿瘤的抑制作用及对机体免疫功能的影响。方法以小鼠艾氏腹水癌的生命延长率评价桑黄的抗肿瘤作用，以炭末廓清实验观察荷瘤小鼠非特异性免疫功能，以elisa法测定荷瘤小鼠血清il-2浓度。结果桑黄对eac荷瘤小鼠的生存时间有延长作用，对荷瘤小鼠血清il-2浓度有提高作用，对荷瘤小鼠非特异性免疫功能无明显影响。结论中药桑黄对荷瘤小鼠具有一定的抗肿瘤能力，作用的强度和作用机制的深度还有待进一步研究。

In test group fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity was detected in 89% of the samples, mRNA was detected in 20% of the samples. In control group no fibroblast growth factor immunoreactivity and mRNA was detected.

结果：实验组30例免疫组化和原位杂交的阳性率分别为89％和20％，对照组6例免疫组化和原位杂交均为阴性，两组免疫组化方法检测阳性率有显著差异。

Meanwhile,the PGE2 level in inflammatory footpad of rat fed with immune milk powder was remarkably lower than of rat fed with regular milk powder.

以免疫乳作为原料制备的免疫乳粉中乳抗体对24种混合菌的凝集价为1280，为非免疫乳粉的160倍。

Immunity is fundamental, The immune function disorder, cellular immune function is low important reason.

免疫是根本；免疫功能紊乱，细胞免疫功能低下是重要的原因。

Results Both GAMP-ADH and GAMP-ADH-Pep10 showed GAMP antigenic specificity. The serum IgG level against GAMP induced by GAMP-ADH-Pep10 conjugate was significantly higher than that by GAMP and showed no significant difference with that by GAMP-ADH-TT vaccine. The conjugate also induced immunological memory.

结果 所制备的多糖衍生物GAMP-ADH及多糖-蛋白结合物GAMP-ADH-Pep10均具有GAMP抗原特异活性，免疫小鼠后可诱生比多糖单独免疫更高水平的GAMP血清IgG抗体，且接近GAMP-ADH-TT疫苗诱生的抗体水平，并能形成免疫记忆。

The positive rates of neutralization antibodies against poliovirus types Ⅰ、Ⅱ and Ⅲ were 97～100% with geometric mean titre was in the range of 56～100% when both type of vaccines was used.

结果表明，两种剂型疫苗免疫后的脊灰Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ型中和抗体阳性率均为97～100％，GMT在56～105之间。在免疫效果方面，两者间无显著性差异。两种疫苗的免疫效果十分理想。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷