免疫

This immune algorithm-- is proposed with analogy to the concept and the theory of immunity in biotic science. The core of the algorithm lies in constructing the immune operator that is realized by vaccination and immune selection.

该免疫算法是借鉴生命科学中免疫的概念与理论提出的一种新的算法，算法的核心在于免疫算子的构造，即接种疫苗和免疫选择。

The immune regulation, clone selection, immune memory were brought into standard genetic algorithm to design genetic immune algorithm for solving mixed transportation network design in view of the limitations of standard genetic algorithm and based on immunity theory.

鉴于标准遗传算法的局限性，基于人工免疫思想，将免疫系统仿生机理中的免疫调节、克隆选择、免疫记忆引入到遗传算法中，给出了求解混合交通网络设计的遗传免疫算法。

Methods Fifteen healthy, female SD rats were employed in the experiment. Sensitized systematically with keyhole limpet hemocyanin, the animals were inoculated with the same antigen through cochlea basal turn into the labyrinth. Adminstrated 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine intraperitoneally, the rats were sacrificed and the temporal bones were harvested at 3, 7,14 day after labyrinth vaccination respectively. The frozen sections of the decalcified samples were dealt with H-E staining and immunohistohemical methods to investigate the cellular infiltration, BrdUrd and IgG positive cells in the ES.

选用SD大鼠15只，以钥孔虫戚血蓝蛋白（keyhole limpet hemocyanin，KLH）全身免疫后，经耳蜗底回钻孔以相同抗原进行内耳免疫，然后分别在内耳免疫后3、7和14 d腹腔注射溴脱氧尿嘧啶核苷（bromodeoxyuridine，BrdUrd）后处死动物，取颞骨经组织学处理制作冰冻切片，用免疫组织化学技术观察内淋巴囊的细胞浸润、增殖和IgG细胞的分布状况。

The neutralization antibody titres of pCIL2gD or pCIL6gD were about equal to that of inactivated vaccine group and were higher significantly than that of pcDD group.

在首免和加强免疫后，pCIL2gD或pCIL6gD免疫组的仔猪产生的中和抗体滴度均显著高于pcDD免疫组，达到全病毒灭活疫苗免疫组的抗体水平。

These expression vectors induced robust immune responses mediated by CD4 and CD8 cells, as well as significant antibody titres, measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

免疫了这些S抗原的DNA表达载体使小鼠肺内的病毒复制下降了六次方多而且免疫保护是由体液免疫而不是T细胞依赖的免疫机制产生的。

One key feature of research on the avian immune system has been the seminal contributions it made on the key role of lymphocytes in adaptive immunity, graft-versus-host responses, deline ation of the two major lymphocyte lineages – B cells and T cells – and gene conversion for devel oping the immunoglobulin repertoire.

对禽类免疫系统的研究成功的揭示了淋巴细胞在适应性免疫、移植物抗宿主反应、两种主要淋巴细胞系的划分，以及与免疫球蛋白谱形成相关的基因转换中的关键作用。这一开创性的贡献是禽类免疫系统研究的一个重要特征。

Abstract］ Objective For the purpose of scientific evaluation and improvement on unreasonable parameter of viral inactivation,the dynamics curve of time corresponding to effect by given viral inactivation factor treated to blood plasma product were analyzed.Methods Aimed at vesicular stomatitis virus, sindbis virus, human immunodeficiency virus, polioviruses, pseudorabies virus,encephalon-yocarditis virus; validate data of viral inactivated on pasteurization of albumin, human rabies immunoglobulin with pH 4, human immunoglobulin and human hepatitis B immunoglobulin for intravenous injection with pH 4/pasteurization,treatment on human fibrinogen and human coagulation factor Ⅷ with solvent/detergent and vapor heating at 100 ℃30 min were systemic regularized respectively.The mean and standard deviation also coefficient of variation for virus survival titer in different time were stated, dynamics curve of virus inactivation were made and analyzed.

目的 分析血液制品特定灭活因子的时效动力学曲线，科学性地评价与改进不合理的病毒灭活参方法系统性整理针对水疱性口炎病毒、黄热病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、伪狂犬病毒、脑心肌炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒，人血白蛋白采用巴氏消毒法，狂犬病人免疫球蛋白采用低pH常温孵放法，静注人免疫球蛋白、静注人乙肝免疫球蛋白采用低pH/巴氏消毒法；人纤维蛋白原、人凝血因子Ⅷ采用有机溶剂/去污剂与干热法灭活病毒的验证资料，统计3批样品取样点的残余病毒滴度均值、标准差与变异系数，制作灭活病毒动力曲线图并进行分析。

Abstract］ objective for the purpose of scientific evaluation and improvement on unreasonable parameter of viral inactivation,the dynamics curve of time corresponding to effect by given viral inactivation factor treated to blood plasma product were analyzed.methods aimed at vesicular stomatitis virus, sindbis virus, human immunodeficiency virus, polioviruses, pseudorabies virus,encephalon-yocarditis virus; validate data of viral inactivated on pasteurization of albumin, human rabies immunoglobulin with ph 4, human immunoglobulin and human hepatitis b immunoglobulin for intravenous injection with ph 4/pasteurization,treatment on human fibrinogen and human coagulation factor ⅷ with solvent/detergent and vapor heating at 100 ℃30 min were systemic regularized respectively.the mean and standard deviation also coefficient of variation for virus survival titer in different time were stated, dynamics curve of virus inactivation were made and analyzed.results human albumin pasteurization inactivated vsv and sindbis virus,hrig low ph inactivated vsv and sindbis virus,hrig low ph inactivated hiv virus,ivig low ph/pasteurization inactivated hiv virus,ivig low ph inactivated hiv virus,hbig low ph/pasteurization inactivated vsv,sindbis and polio virus.conclusion suggestion about improvement on unreasonable parameter and standard of virus inactivation is made,cultivate target virus directly from final product by appropriate cell or method to monitoring viral safety of blood plasma product is advanced.

目的 分析血液制品特定灭活因子的时效动力学曲线，科学性地评价与改进不合理的病毒灭活参数。方法系统性整理针对水疱性口炎病毒、黄热病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、伪狂犬病毒、脑心肌炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒，人血白蛋白采用巴氏消毒法，狂犬病人免疫球蛋白采用低ph常温孵放法，静注人免疫球蛋白、静注人乙肝免疫球蛋白采用低ph/巴氏消毒法；人纤维蛋白原、人凝血因子ⅷ采用有机溶剂/去污剂与干热法灭活病毒的验证资料，统计3批样品多个取样点的残余病毒滴度均值、标准差与变异系数，制作灭活病毒动力曲线图并进行分析。结果人血白蛋白巴氏灭活vsv与sindbis病毒，hrig低ph灭活vsv和sindbis病毒，hrig低ph灭活hiv病毒，ivig低ph/巴氏灭活hiv病毒，ivig低ph灭活hiv病毒，hbig低ph/巴氏灭活vsv、sindbis与polio病毒。结论建议改进病毒灭活验证标准与不合理的灭活参数；采用终产品样品通过合适细胞或方法直接培养目标病毒来有效监测血液制品的病毒安全性。

Methods Aimed at vesicular stomatitis virus, sindbis virus, human immunodeficiency virus, polioviruses, pseudorabies virus,encephalon-yocarditis virus; validate data of viral inactivated on pasteurization of albumin, human rabies immunoglobulin with pH 4, human immunoglobulin and human hepatitis B immunoglobulin for intravenous injection with pH 4/pasteurization,treatment on human fibrinogen and human coagulation factor Ⅷ with solvent/detergent and vapor heating at 100 ℃30 min were systemic regularized respectively.The mean and standard deviation also coefficient of variation for virus survival titer in different time were stated, dynamics curve of virus inactivation were made and analyzed.

系统性整理针对水疱性口炎病毒、黄热病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒、伪狂犬病毒、脑心肌炎病毒、人类免疫缺陷病毒，人血白蛋白采用巴氏消毒法，狂犬病人免疫球蛋白采用低pH常温孵放法，静注人免疫球蛋白、静注人乙肝免疫球蛋白采用低pH/巴氏消毒法；人纤维蛋白原、人凝血因子Ⅷ采用有机溶剂/去污剂与干热法灭活病毒的验证资料，统计3批样品多个取样点的残余病毒滴度均值、标准差与变异系数，制作灭活病毒动力曲线图并进行分析。

Immunologists say it is also theoretically possible that vaccination in those with pre-existing immunity may have triggered an immune response that transiently boosted production of activated CD4 cells — the very immune cells that HIV infects.

免疫学家说，在理论上，先前有过免疫反应的人在接受到同类刺激时，能迅速触发免疫系统做出反应，引发大量活性CD4细胞产生，而CD4正是HIV感染的免疫细胞。

In the negative and interrogative forms, of course, this is identical to the non-emphatic forms.

。但是，在否定句或疑问句里，这种带有"do"的方法表达的效果却没有什么强调的意思。

Go down on one's knees;kneel down

屈膝跪下。。。下跪祈祷