免疫

In trimera model, irradiated LB373 cells and other recombinant vaccines could elicit cellular and humoral response, which suggests that this model could be applied for evaluating effects of all vaccines targeting to human in addition to various transgenic animals.

在Trimera模型中，用照射过的LB373细胞和各种基因疫苗免疫后能激发出mage-3抗原特异的细胞免疫应答和体液免疫应答，提示这种模型可以通用于基于人的各种疫苗免疫效果的评价，这将是各种转基因动物之外的另一个备选方案。

The endolymphatic sac contains immunocompetent cells capable of processing and presenting viral or bacterial antigen, potentiating the immune response, attacking the invaders directly or attacking infected cells, and developing immunoglobulin responses in situ.

本研究拟探讨DC是否参与了内耳的免疫反应，在内耳的这种反应中神经免疫和自身免疫与细胞免疫之间有相互影响，这种影响对内耳的形态和功能是否有保护作用。

The plasmid pcDNA3.1-3-1E and pcDNA3.1 was respectively used to immunize SPF chicks by injection intra-muscularly in thigh muscle at 14 and 21 days of age.Chicks in each group except that in the unchallenged control group were challenged with 5×104 E.acervulina sporulated oocysts at 28 days post-inoculation,and the immune protective efficacy was observed.

将构建的重组质粒以及空载体质粒分别于14、21日龄分2次经腿部肌肉注射免疫SPF雏鸡，28日龄除非免疫非感染对照组外各组攻击性感染5×104个堆形艾美球虫孢子化卵囊，观察真核表达质粒对球虫感染鸡的免疫保护作用并探讨其免疫保护机理。

Polyclonal antibodies for Ochratoxin A were generated from rabbits after the animals had been immunized with either OTA -γ- globulin or OTA - keyhole limpet hemocyanin. A competitive indirect enzyme - linked immunosorbent assay and a competitive direct ELISA were used for the characterization of the antibodies and for analysis of OTA in coffee, corn, barley and bean samples.

本实验利用OTA -γ- globulin和OTA - KLH两种不同的OTA接合物为抗原来免疫兔子，进而收集免疫血清以获得抗OTA 的多株抗体，接著利用此一抗体来建立非直接型竞争酵素连结免疫吸附分析法和直接竞争型酵素连结免疫吸附分析法，并用cdELISA的方法加以侦测咖啡及玉米类、麦类、豆类样品中赭麴毒素A 的含量。

Swine enteropathogenic E. colis were rejuvenescenced and 6 of them were selected to prepare blood serum. We had tested the reactance of cross agglutination and agar diffusion between the strains and the blood serums. No. 300 and No. 343 were selected because they had highly cross reaction. To test superantigen of No.300 and No.343, the antigens made by both of them immunized piglets, and then we detected the serum 0D values with indirect ELISA. The OMP and PF of No. 300 and No. 343 were extracted for SDS—PAGE and westen-blotting.

本研究针对10株猪致病性大肠杆菌，经复壮后选取致病性强的6菌株作为供试菌株，制备免疫血清与这6菌株的多种抗原分别进行交叉凝集试验和琼脂扩散试验，根据各菌株抗原的交叉反应程度，筛选出抗原交叉程度高的菌株300和343，检测两菌株超抗原的毒性作用，以不同方式制备抗原免疫仔猪，用间接ELISA检测免疫效果，并提取菌株300和343的外膜蛋白和渗透因子经SDS—PAGE及免疫印迹试验，进行相关分析。

As the product of the tumor (including ectopic hormone produced) or abnormal immune response (including cross-immunity, autoimmune and immune complex deposition, etc.) caused by endocrine, nerve, blood, digestion, bone joints, kidneys, skin lesions and other systems, causing corresponding clinical symptoms, known as paraneoplastic syndrome.

由于肿瘤的产物或异常免疫反应（包括交叉免疫、自身免疫和免疫复合物沉积等）引起内分泌、神经、造血、消化、骨关节、肾脏、皮肤等系统发生病变，引起相应的临床症状，称为副肿瘤综合征。

objective to establish immunological methods specific for detecting antigens in different groups of monoclonal antibodies.methods indirect immnofluorescence assay was applied to identify specificity of the two groups of monoclonal antibodies prepared with crude antigen and recombinant antigen of aspergillus fumigatus,respectively.two different double monoclonal antibody sandwich elisa assays established with the two groups of antibodies were performed to detect antigents in the cell culture supermatants of 19 common species of aspergillus,penicillium marneffei,and 5 species of candidas.results the results of indirect immnofluorescence assay indicated that the monoclonal antibodies prepared with crude antigen of aspergillus fumigatus were specific for antigens in both clinical isolates and environmental isolates of aspergillus, whereas the other group of monoclonal antibodies was proved to be specific for aspergillus fumigatus of both clinical and environmental isolates.the elisa assay established with the crude antigen-specfic monoclonal antibodies could detect both of the clinical and environmental isolates of aspergllius, while the other assay could only detect aspergillus fumigatus of both clinical and environmental isolates.and no cross reaction with the cell culture of penialllium marneffei and candidas was observed with the two methods.conclusion the elisa assays can detect both of the clinical and environmental isolates of aspergillus,and differentiate aspergillus fumigatus from other species of aspergillus.

目的 用2组曲霉单克隆抗体建立特异性识别不同种类曲霉抗原的检测方法。方法采用天然烟曲霉抗原免疫，获得广谱针对曲霉抗原的单克隆抗体；采用重组烟曲霉抗原获得特异性针对烟曲霉抗原的单克隆抗体，用间接免疫荧光鉴定，并分别建立2种双抗体夹心elisa法，对19种常见的环境和临床分离曲霉株、马尔尼菲氏青霉菌及念珠菌培养液进行检测。结果间接免疫荧光显示，用天然烟曲霉抗原免疫获得的单克隆抗体(mabs-1)可广谱识别多种曲霉分离株，而重组烟曲霉抗原获得的单克降抗体(mabs-2)仅能特异性结合临床和环境分离的烟曲霉抗原。用mabs-1建立的双抗体夹心elisa法可检测19种常见曲霉株培养液；用特异性针对烟曲霉抗原单克降抗体(mabs-2)建立的双抗体夹心elisa法可特异性检测临床和环境分离株烟曲霉培养液；与其他曲霉株无交叉反应；2种双抗体夹心elisa法与马尔尼菲氏青霉菌及念珠菌培养液均无交叉反应。

Detail Contents: Genetic disorders -- Immune deficiencies -- Breast cancer -- Colon cancer -- Melanoma -- Cystic fibrosis -- Hemophilia -- Liver disease -- Cardiovascular disease -- Muscular dystrophy -- Alzheimer's disease -- Parkinson's disease -- Huntington's disease -- Viruses: the cornerstone of gene therapy -- Viruses are living crystals -- Viral genomes may be RNA or DNA -- Viruses evolved from plasmids -- Viruses know how to infect cells -- The virus as a gene vehicle -- Viruses used in gene therapy -- Ashi DeSilva: a promising start -- Clinical trials defined -- Cells of the immune system -- Adenosine deaminase -- Preliminary research -- Clinical procedure for ADA gene therapy -- The DeSilva clinical trial -- Jesse Gelsinger: down to earth -- Ornithine transcarbamylase -- Preliminary research -- Clinical procedure for OTC gene therapy -- The Gelsinger clinical trial -- The investigation -- Concluding remarks -- Future prospects -- Safer vehicles -- Reducing immune rejection of the vector -- Improved risk assessment -- Redesigning human anatomy and physiology -- Ethics of gene therapy -- The Belmont report -- Clinical trials -- Physiological enhancement -- Cosmetic applications -- Legal issues -- Regulatory agencies -- The Gelsinger legal trial -- International regulation -- Resource center -- Eucaryote cell primer -- Recombinant DNA primer -- The human genome project -- X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1)-- Alzheimer's disease -- Huntington's disease.

细节内容︰遗传疾病-免疫的缺乏-乳腺癌-结肠癌-黑瘤-囊性纤维变性-血友症-肝疾病-心血管疾病-肌营养不良-早老性痴呆病-帕金森疾病-亨廷顿疾病-病毒︰基础的基因治疗-病毒在活著水晶--病毒的基因可能是RNA或者DNA --病毒从plasmids被逐步形成--病毒知道怎样感染细胞--作为一辆基因车辆的病毒--基因治疗使用的病毒-Ashi DeSilva︰有希望开始-临床试验确定--细胞的这免疫系统-Adenosine deaminase-初步研究-临床程式给埃达基因治疗--这DeSilva临床试验-婕西Gelsinger︰到地球-Ornithine transcarbamylase-初步研究-临床程式给OTC基因治疗-- Gelsinger临床试验-调查-达成评论-前景-更安全的车辆--矢量的降低免疫的拒绝-改进风险估计-重新设计人解剖学和生理学--伦理学的基因治疗-那些贝拉蒙特报告-临床试验-生理提升-美容应用-法律问题-协调机构-- Gelsinger 合法审讯-国际管理-资源中心人物-Eucaryote信元第一-Recombinant DNA 入门--人类基因工程-- X 连结的严重的结合的免疫缺陷(SCID-X1)-早老性痴呆病--亨廷顿的疾病。

The foundational immune functions for fish, mainly grass carp or crucian carp in freshwater, the basic studied means and their differences in some polluted environments are explored and the main results are as follows.

本研究切住这一重大问题在鱼类免疫的研究方法、免疫机能和环境污染胁迫方面，开展了在免疫器官和组织、细胞、免疫球蛋白三层水平的系统研究，获得了一系列新的研究结果

These results, together with the structural elucidation of the purified polysaccharides described above, indicate that the α-glucans in G. lucidum don't have any remarkable immunomdulating activities, but the effects of β-glucans on immune system depend on their glycosyl residue linkages and sugar chain conformation. Further, it is concluded that the 1, 3-linked backbone, relative lower side chain size and substitution, and a high-organized helical structure are the beneficial structural features for the immunostimulatory activity of β-D-glucans. However, the 1, 6-linked backbone may induce the immunosuppressive effect of β-D-glucans.

结合各纯化多糖的结构与构象分析的结果，可以得出以下结论：赤灵芝中的α-型葡取糖不具有显著的免疫调节作用，而β-型葡聚糖的免疫作用则与其糖链结构和糖链构象有密切关系，1，3-连接的主链，较低的分支取代率和较短的支链长度及高度有序的螺旋结构是β-型葡聚糖发挥免疫增强功能的有利结构因素，相反，1，6-连接的主链却可能引起多糖的免疫抑制作用。

However, as the name（read－only memory）implies, CD disks cannot be written onorchanged in any way.

然而，正如其名字所指出的那样，CD盘不能写，也不能用任何方式改变其内容。

Galvanizes steel pallet is mainly export which suits standard packing of European Union, the North America. galvanizes steel pallet is suitable to heavy rack. Pallet surface can design plate type, corrugated and the gap form, satisfies the different requirements.

镀锌钢托盘多用于出口，替代木托盘，免薰蒸，符合欧盟、北美各国对出口货物包装材料的法令要求；喷涂钢托盘适用于重载上货架之用，托盘表面根据需要制作成平板状、波纹状及间隔形式，满足不同的使用要求。