光纤

This invention discloses a new technology for preparing rear earth ionic doped fiber prefabricated rods with DC-RTA technology in a sol-gel method including preparing sol containing necessary doped ions, coating said sol uniformly on the inner wall of the quartz glass tube and burning it under high temperature to coagulate and vitrify them to a doped layer and repeating the above process to form a fiber prefabricated rod by oxygen and hydrogen flame after the doped layer reaches to a designed thickness and the fiber prefabricated rod can be made to various rare earth ionic doped fibers by an ordinary drawbench technology.

本发明属于光纤制造和光纤激光技术领域，具体公开了一种利用溶胶凝胶方法中的DC-RTA技术制备稀土离子掺杂光纤预制棒的新工艺。该工艺步骤包括预先配制好含有所需掺杂离子的溶胶，将该溶胶均匀涂覆在石英玻璃管的内壁后高温灼烧，使之凝结并玻璃化为一层掺杂层。反复上述涂覆灼烧过程，在掺杂层达到设计厚度后由氢氧焰高温收棒形成光纤预制棒。该方法所得到的光纤预制棒可以通过普通拉丝工艺拉制成各类稀土离子掺杂光纤。

To provide optical fiber: Fiber Distributed Temperature Stress Test System, Fiber Distributed Temperature Measurement System, Fiber Bragg Grating Health Monitoring System, fiber optic geophone systems, fiber Bragg grating wavelength calibration instrument and so on, which sensor product line is extremely rich and has industry representation, including: fiber optic temperature hygrometer, fiber-optic gas alarm, fiber-optic magnetic field sensors, optical fiber vibration sensor, fiber-optic high temperature pressure sensors, fiber-optic WIM system , fiber optic strain gauge welding, fiber optic embedded strain gauge, optical soil pressure gauge, fiber reinforcement meter, fiber optic pressure ring, fiber-optic displacement meter, fiber cracks meter, fiber optic osmometer, fiber-optic temperature sensor high temperature , optical fiber cable meter and so on.

北京达卡科技有限公司光纤方面提供：光纤分布式应力温度测试系统、光纤分布式温度测试系统、光纤光栅健康监测系统、光纤地震检波系统、光纤光栅波长校验仪等，其中传感器产品线极为丰富和具有行业代表性，包括：光纤温湿度计、光纤瓦斯报警器、光纤磁场传感器、光纤振动传感器、光纤耐高温高压传感器、光纤动态称重系统、光纤焊接式应变计、光纤埋入式应变计、光纤土压力计、光纤钢筋计、光纤压力环、光纤位移计、光纤裂缝计、光纤渗压计、光纤耐高温温度传感器、光纤钢索计等。

Our company established in 2003, is Sichuan Panxi area networks, security systems integrators, including the network system security system set and two operations, the main business network system has a full range of optical products: fiber optic transceivers, fiber optic splitter, fiber jumper, fiber optic MODEM, fiber-optic switches, fiber-optic conversion head, optical fiber and cable, fiber optic single-mode to multimode, fiber couplers, optical terminal boxes, etc.; integrated wiring a full range of products: patch panel, modules, panels, cable, crystal head, of the rationale for line planes, jacket, etc.; switch various modules: MINI GBIC, GBIC, Gigabit Fast fiber module; Fluke Corporation is qualified network monitoring equipment distributors, large and medium-sized enterprises to be able to provide network surveillance testing, fault location, network performance evaluation, as well as third-party network maintenance.

本公司2003年成立，是四川攀西地区网络、安防系统集成商，包括网络系统集和安防系统二大业务，网络系统主要业务有光纤全系列产品：光纤收发器，光纤分路器，光纤跳线，光纤MODEM，光纤交换机，光纤转换头，光纤光缆，光纤单模转多模，光纤耦合器，光端盒，等；综合布线全系列产品：配线架，模块，面板，网线，水晶头，理线架，护套，等；交换机各种模块：MINI GBIC ， GBIC ，千兆百兆光纤模块；公司是FLUKE 网络监控设备的合格经销商，能够为大中型企业提供网络监控测试，故障定位，网络性能评估，以及第三方的网络维护。

Then the MEMS solenoid type electromagnetic actuating and novel, frictionless and wear-free, and simple structure are designed for fiber-deflecting type MEMS VOA: One of the two coupled single mode fibers is completely fastened in one of the three aligned U-shaped grooves while the deflectable fiber is partially fixed in another groove with a long front section suspending over the wider groove as a cantilever beam. The two fibers, any one for input and the other for output, are well aligned initially so that the insertion loss is very low. Beside the deflectable fiber is a solenoid microactuator with a U-shaped permalloy core attracting a permalloy piece glued on side of the fiber cantilever so that the fiber is deflected and the optical power coupled between the fibers decreased continuously. Using MEMS solenoid as a continuous actuator and the novel structure of VOA are not seen in literature.

为光纤偏移型MEMS可变光衰减器设计了MEMS螺线管电磁驱动方式以及新颖的避免了静摩擦、磨损而且简单的整体结构形式：在硅基片的三段V形槽结构中，将两个对接单模光纤之一完全固定在基片上，只将另一根光纤的稍后部位固定于基片上而使其前端的一定长度悬空，形成一个悬臂梁结构；初始对准后两根光纤之间的光传输损耗很小；通过U型铁芯MEMS螺线管吸引固定于光纤悬臂梁上的坡莫合金片，驱动光纤悬臂梁连续偏移以使两根光纤之间功率传输系数连续变化，从而达到光功率连续衰减的目的。

Studies on basic working principles and designs of fiber lasersThe basic working principles as well as the major characteristics of laser and fiber lasers are firstly reviewed,including the interaction between light and matter, the laser oscillation conditions and the spectrum distribution,the gain characteristic and spatial hole burning effect,the influence of external environment on the stability of laser output and the actual limits of fiber laser bandwidth;The designs of bidirectional single-mode Er-doped fiber ring laser and multi-wavelength laser is then discussed,respectively;The characteristics of dynamic grating reflection spectrum of the fiber saturable absorber is systematically analyzed.?

在激光型光纤传感器的设计、实验现象的理论解释等方面做了如下的研究工作：光纤激光器的基本原理与设计方案概述了激光和光纤激光器的基本原理，包括光与物质的相互作用，激光振荡的条件及频谱分布等激光产生的基本原理：掺铒光纤的增益性质，空间烧孔效应和外界扰动对激光输出稳定性的影响，光纤激光器的实际极限带宽等光纤激光器的相关知识；分别讨论了双向单纵模环形腔激光器和多波长激光器的设计方案；系统地分析了掺杂光纤饱和吸收体中形成的动态光栅的反射谱特性。

Beginning with wave equation, the paper has deduced the propagation of gauss pulses in single mode fiber and fiber grating transmission compensation. The characteristics of cascaded phase-shift gratings are discussed by numerical simulations of coupled-mode theory and T-matrix method. The experimental works and measurement results are shown in this paper. On the other hand, we have introduced the basic theory of EDFA and figured out the characteristics for EDFA at different conditions by numerical simulation. Some experimental results for EDFA are also presented here. In this article, you can find the influence on Optical Fiber Amplifier by Gain Tilt, especially, the negative effect on CSO in CATV transmission system.

论文首先从波动方程入手，对高斯脉冲在单模光纤中的传播演化及光纤光栅透射补偿进行了详细的研究；较系统地介绍了光纤光栅的耦合模理论，并将传输矩阵计算法用于计算级连相移光纤光栅的光学特性；重点介绍了作者在光纤光栅刻制及特性测量方面所做的一些实验研究工作；较系统介绍了EDFA的基本理论，计算出各种条件下EDFA的光学特性，并进行了一些实验研究；综合分析光纤放大器对光纤传输系统的影响，特别分析了光纤放大器增益不平坦对光纤CATV系统中CSO恶化的原因及其解决方法，并研究了光纤布拉格光栅在稳定980nm泵浦源输出功率和输出波长方面的应用；结合一个基于光纤光栅和光纤放大器的光纤用户接入网方案，对光纤用户接入网的若干问题进行了理论与初步的实验研究。

Analytical formulae are presented for the first time to describe the shift in the resonance wavelength of LPG in response to etching of the fiber cladding or a change in the external refractive index. The accuracy of the formula is confirmed by comparision with numerical simulations and experimental results. We demonstrated that the resonance wavelengths of an etched LPG are more sensitive refractive index than those of an unetched grating. The bending properties of long period fiber grating written in different type fiber are studied experimentally. The transmission peaks and the central wavelength of LPG change with the bending of the fiber. A new peak appears at the shorter wavelength when the fiber is being bent. The changes of the peaks are different for different photosensitive fiber. Those properties have broad application foreground in fiber sensors and tunable filters.

分别从理论和实验上对长周期光栅的折射率特性以及光纤包层半径对长周期光栅特性的影响进行了研究，首次给出了描述光纤包层半径腐蚀和外界折射率改变与长周期光栅共振波长关系的理论表达式，实验与理论和数据模拟的结果很好符合，利用腐蚀光纤包层的方法可以有效地提高LPG的折射率灵敏度；对不同光纤中写入的长周期光栅的弯曲特性进行了实验研究，LPG的透射峰形状及其中心波长随光纤弯曲而发生变化，并且随着弯曲将在短波方向出现新的透射峰，其透射峰的变化规律因所用光敏光纤的不同而不同，这一特性在光纤传感和可调谐滤波器方面有重要的应用前景。

The research which is the important part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser is composed of two main parts: 1. the gain part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, which in fact is an erbium-doped fiber amplifier, its output characteristics are discussed both in theory and experiment, and the differences are also discussed between theory and experiment; 2. the saturated absorber part of the tunable erbium-doped fiber laser, also the part to narrow the line width of the fiber laser. The line-width narrowing mechanism in fiber laser induced by unpumped Er-doped fiber is presented from the aspect of coupling wave equation, and the main factor is considered as the standing wave induced by interference. The line-width is narrower when the standing wave is stronger, and the narrowing effect disappears with the disappearance of the standing wave. In the experiment, when adding a Faraday mirror in the laser cavity to remove the standing wave , the narrowing effect disappears. So the theory is proved by the result of the experiment.

本课题的研究内容是集成光学声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器的重要组成部分，主要分两部分：1、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中增益部分的研究，相当于对掺铒光纤放大器的研究，理论上对掺铒光纤放大器的输出特性进行分析，实验上实现了掺铒光纤放大器系统，并将实验数据与理论计算数据进行对比，分析了误差产生原因；2、声光可调谐掺铒光纤激光器中饱和吸收体部分的研究，即压窄光纤激光器输出线宽的研究，从耦合波方程出发，理论上解释了未泵浦掺铒光纤压窄光纤激光器线宽的原理，分析了影响该作用的主要因素是未泵浦掺铒光纤中相对传输的光干涉形成的驻波：驻波越强，压窄效果越好，相反当没有驻波时，没有压窄效果，在实验上通过在激光器腔内加入法拉第旋转镜使驻波消失，同时压窄效果消失，从而验证了理论分析的正确性。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

Its complete product line, fiber-optic network, both external power supply type also has built-in power type, both stand-alone also has the standard 19 rack-mount products, covering Ethernet, Fast Ethernet, Gigabit Ethernet and ATM network used in fiber-optic transceivers, fiber optic switches and fiber optic modems and other equipment. early in 1999, netLINK first time in Greater China to launch a technology leader in the industry have the adaptive function of 10/100 Fast Ethernet Media Converter (HTB -1100 series), and its excellent cost performance by customers. October 24, 2001 to 27 in Shanghai 2001 International Electronic Products Exposition and fifty-eighth session of Electronics Show , the Haitong exhibited Netlink Technologies Limited and the exclusive agent of Nufiber company, CTS Corporation a full range of fiber-optic network products, as well as Intelligent Network standard 16-slot rack-mount fiber optic media converter, RS-232/422/485 up mode / single-mode fiber converter and other new products, attracted the attention of the industry and well received by the audience and the fiber-optic network customers.

其光纤网络产品系列齐全，既有外置电源型也有内置电源型，既有独立式也有标准19机架式产品，涵盖以太网、快速以太网、千兆以太网和ATM网络用的光纤收发器、光纤交换机及光纤数据机等各种设备。1999年初，netLINK首先推出当时在大中华区业界处于技术领先的有10/100自适应功能的快速以太网媒体转换器（HTB-1100系列），并以其优异的性能价格比广受客户的欢迎。2001年10月24日至27日在上海举行的2001国际电子产品博览会和第五十八届电子产品展览会上，海通科技有限公司展出了netLINK和独家代理的Nufiber公司、CTS公司全系列的光纤网络产品以及智能网管型16槽标准机架式的光纤媒体转换器、RS-232/422/485至多模/单模光纤转换器等新产品，深深吸引了业界的注意和广受观众和光纤网络客户的欢迎。

Singer Leona Lewis and former Led Zeppelin guitarist Jimmy Page emerged as the bus transformed into a grass-covered carnival float, and the pair combined for a rendition of "Whole Lotta Love".

歌手leona刘易斯和前率领的飞艇的吉他手吉米页出现巴士转化为基层所涵盖的嘉年华花车，和一双合并为一移交&整个lotta爱&。

This is Kate, and that's Erin.

这是凯特，那个是爱朗。