光的

Taking the Kubelka-Munk laws as foundation,the light interaction of ink and paper by existing models has been analyzed,including surface reflection of ink and multiple intemal reflection of paper,and light absorption and scattering and so on,the Clapper-Yule color prediction model has been modified aiming at the two possibilities of long and short distance of light scattering in newspaper.

以Kubelka-Munk定律为基础，研究了油墨、新闻纸在印刷中墨层的表面反射、承印物纸张内的多重内反射、墨层内光的吸收和散射，针对其中的光散射距离的长短两种可能，修正了Clapper-Yule颜色预测模型，引入代表长短光散射距离的比例系数h，建立了新的颜色预测模型，计算得到h=0.43。

It has been widely used for the transient light property measurement of different explosive and shells, the light property parameters measurement of plane obstacle avoidance light and ship navigation mark lamp, pulsed Xenon lamp, camera flash light and various luminotrons in solid luminescence. It can also be used to measure source or flames, where are difficultly approached by means of fiber optic guidance. In addition, it finds wide use In medical treatment, biology and chemistry.

如军事上的各种火炸药、各种弹的瞬态光性测量；飞机防撞灯、轮船航标灯的瞬态光性参数测量；脉冲氙灯、照相机闪光灯光性参数测量、以及固体发光学中的各种发光管测量，还可对难以近距离测量的光源或火焰，采用光纤导光的手段进行测量，此外还在医疗、生物、化学等领域有着广泛的应用。

It also makes analysis on the connection of Newton's prism experiments, and describes how Newton proved these propositions by taking advantage of these experiments in the article. As well the author makes analysis and generalization on the make of Newton's reflecting telescope and Newton's

首先，在对《光学》认真研读的基础上，首次对其光的颜色理论部分的大量棱镜实验之间的关系进行了分析，从而说明牛顿是如何利用这些实验证明这些命题的；其次，笔者在前人研究的基础上，对反射望远镜的制造和牛顿环理论进行分析和总结，力求描述得清楚全面；最后，鉴于国内外对牛顿光本性认识的研究存在分歧的情况，笔者对惠更斯和牛顿的相关著作进行了详细考察，对他们的光本性观点进行了系统的研究和比较，从而指出那种只因牛顿

To obtain precise result, itis necessary, in the aspect of hardware, to set up one stable optics system with highSNR, only if so, can we do the measurement with the steady NIR. To do so, we designthe optics system using AOTF, and take some measures to increase the light energyand the system SNR, which includes the three layers structure of the light chamber,the equipments to cover the useless light, polarizing to reduce the influence of 0 gradelight and focalize the light with lens. Apart from the hardware aspect, according to theexperiments, we can see that the different temperatures between at setting up themodels and at predicting the results will affect the prediction results in a way, and theaffection extent will be increased along with the increase of the temperaturedifference. Moreover, the light energy that can be detected will be different with thecontact pressure, and the match of the refractive indexes between the tissue and thesurroundings will enhance the light transmission depth, which will take moreinformation of the tissue. So, during the measurement, we should ensure the sametemperature between measuring and predicting, the same contact pressure at everymeasurement and the match of the indexes between the tissue and the surroundings aspossible as we can.

要提高测量精度，从硬件方面就必须有一个稳定的、信噪比较高的分光光路系统，以此得到稳定的近红外光来进行无创检测，针对这个目的，我们设计了 AOTF 分光光路系统，并在系统中采用一定的措施如三层灯室结构、遮光筒以减小杂散光、起偏和检偏来减小 0 级光影响、透镜汇聚等等来提高出射光的能量和系统的信噪比；从其他影响因素方面，通过实验，我们得到不同的建模温度对于预测结果有一定的影响，且影响随着温度的差值越大而越大，另外散反射光谱的能量也随着接触压力的不同而不同，组织的折射率与环境匹配将加大光的入射深度，从而能携带更多的组织信息，所以在测量时我们尽可能保证同一温度、保证同一接触压力以及利用物理或者化学的方法使组织与环境折射率匹配等。

Look downward on that Globe whose hither side With light from hence, though but reflected, shines; That place is Earth the seat of Man, that light His day, which else as th' other Hemisphere [ 725 ] Night would invade, but there the neighbouring Moon (So call that opposite fair Starr) her aide Timely interposes, and her monthly round Still ending, still renewing through mid Heav'n, With borrowd light her countenance triform [ 730 ] Hence fills and empties to enlighten th' Earth, And in her pale dominion checks the night.

你往底下看那个球吧，它的这半边只是反射，是从这里照过去的光。那就是人所住的地球，光的是昼，相反的暗的半球是夜。他的邻近就是地球对面那美丽星球，名字叫月亮，定时帮助他，在半空中，每月绕他转一周，循环往复，从这里借去的光照耀着大地，依照盈虚圆缺、嫦娥三相的形式照亮着地球，在她苍白的领域内控制着夜。

As the feature size decreases below the wavelength of the illumination system, the diffraction and other effects arising from resist developing and etching causes more and more distortion in the pattern transfer process. Today, new chips with very small feature size can not be manufactured without the support of RETs, OPC is one of the most important technologies in such RETs.

随着集成电路的特征尺寸逐渐下降到光刻所用的光源波长之下，由于光的衍射和光刻胶显影蚀刻等因素带来的不可避免的影响，硅片上实际印制出来的图形与设计图形不再一致，这使得如今的制造工艺已经离不开RET技术的支持，而OPC则是RET技术中的一项重要内容。

To the Qing道光年间, Lotus Peak tea from a small number of monks, the development of many tea farmers in general, and lotus as the central peak, Wushishan,西坑, stone Mashan, France Huashan, five and so on dozens of Huashan Mountain shiting are developed between the production of tea.

到了清道光年间，莲花峰已从少数僧人种茶，发展到众多农民普遍种茶，并以莲花峰为中心，乌石山、西坑、石马山、法华山、五华山等数十座山间均发展了石亭茶的生产。

For the leaf area index of the three forest types, there was a similar variation trend, i.e ., increased first and decreased then, with the maximum presented in mid-July or August for Q. mongolica and J.mandshurica forests while in mid-August or September for F. rhynchophulla forest. The canopy porosity of the three forest types also had a similar variation trend, but opposite to leaf area index, being decreased first and increased then, with the minimum presented in mid-June, July, August or September. The analysis of variation coefficients of leaf area index, transmitted direct gap light, and transmitted diffuse gap light indicated that the spatial pattern of leaf area index in July-September was the main factor affecting the spatial distribution of transmitted diffuse gap light.

结果表明，3种林型的叶面积指数变化总体趋势是一致的，均呈先上升再下降的单峰曲线，蒙古栎林和胡桃楸林都是在7月中旬或8月中旬达到最大峰值，花曲柳林是在8月中旬或9月中旬达到最大峰值；3种林型冠层孔隙度的变化总体趋势也是一致的，呈先下降再上升的单峰曲线，不同样地峰值出现的时间也不同，最低峰值在6、7、8、9月中旬均有出现；通过对不同月份的叶面积指数、林下散射光、林下直射光的变异系数分析表明，7—9月叶面积指数的空间格局是影响林下散射光空间分布的主要因素。

For example, it have not been pointed out whether the wavelength of signal light beams would effect the time of quasi-steady solitons; it have not been noticed that the electric field preserved in crystal might effect on forming photovoltaic solitons; it have not been reported the action of background light beams in forming screening-photovoltaic solitons and whether it can form polychromatic SPS, and so on.

例如准稳态孤子的形成过程中探测信号光的波长对孤子存在时间的影响；光折变晶体中原先驻留的内电场对形成光伏孤子的影响；背景光在形成屏蔽-光伏孤子中所起的作用以及复色光能否形成屏蔽-光伏孤子等等都未进行研究。

Through fMRI, a statistical analysis confirmed the signals of occipital lobe on cortex increased through three colours stimulating,among them blue stimulate is the most

通过对fMRI图进行统计学分析，证实在光的刺激下枕叶视皮层血流信号增强，三种颜色刺激中以蓝光最敏感，并且右侧信号变化比左侧强。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。