光电的

The characteristics of pentacene/perylene derivatives based organic solar cells are investigated in this thesis Donor and acceptor layers are pentacene and N N'-dioctyl-3 4 9 10-perylenetetracarboxylic diimide (PTCDI-2~13C) respectively Twelve organic solar cells with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions were fabricated to study the influence of various alkylic perylene derivatives on the power conversion efficiency Under the sunlight simulator with AM1 5G filter and 100 mW/cm2 the solar cell of pentacene/PTCDI-7C heterojunction with cathode of Ag/Al bilayer has the best performance among the devices with pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C heterojunctions In PL spectrum analyses the pentacene/PTCDI-7C film had lower recombination rate than the other pentacene/PTCDI-2~13C films; therefore more excitons could reach the P/N junction and enhance short-circuit current Furthermore the PTCDI-7C film grown on the surface of penatcene was more matched than other PTCDI films analyzed by the PL peak shifts of 10 nm and 45 nm thick PTCDI-2~13C and images of atomic force microscope More lattice match between the films of pentacene and PTCDI resulted in fewer defects in P/N junction and more carries can reach electrodes Accordingly the power conversion efficiency approach 2% was obtained from the solar cell with the active layer of pentacene/PTCDI-7C

本研究探讨以五环素/骈苯衍生物异质接面太阳能电池之特性，利用pentacene作为电子施体有机材料，PTCDI -2C~13C作为电子受体有机材料，制作出异质接面为pentacene/ PTCDI-2C ~13C等12种有机太阳能电池，比较不同碳数的骈苯衍生物对於有机太阳能电池之光电转换效率之影响。在AM1 5G、100 mW/cm2的模拟太阳光下，以pentacene/PTCDI-7C异质接面太阳能电池具有短路电流9 882 mA/cm2、开路电压0 376 V、填充因数0 523及光电转换效率达1 945%，皆比其他pentacene/PTCDI-2C ~13C异质接面太阳能电池来的大。由薄膜分析可知PTCDI-7C在这12种太阳能电池中具有较低的电子电洞复合发光效率，可以让较多激子到达异质接面进行电荷分离，减少电子电洞对复合发光的机率；此外，由光激发萤光光谱之峰值位移配合原子力显微镜表面结构图，可以得知当PTCDI-7C成长在pentacene上时会顺著pentacene的结构成长薄膜，故较无缺陷产生在P/N接面处；而在其他结构下则无此现象产生，致使在pentacene/PTCDI-7C薄膜中的载子有较大的机会可以移动至电极，使光电流提高，进而使光电转换效率提高。

In thisdissertation, by using photomultiplier tube and photoconductive audion respectively,the software and hardware of detector are realized.

本文分别采用了光电倍增管和光敏三极管作为光电转换部件，实现了检测器的软件与硬件设计。

The thermal modification of Einstein of photoelectric equation is investigated.

讨论了爱因斯坦光电方程，指出现今在光电效应实验中普遍使用的爱因斯坦光电方程只是在T =0K时才成立。

In this study, AlGaN/GaN hetero-junction photo-transistors in detecting ultraviolet spectra have been fabricated and characterized. One of the HPTs features as low-temperature grown GaN insertion layer between based and emitter layers to reduce dark current. The internal gain and response time are also studied for the HPTs with and without the LT-GaN layer.

中文摘要本论文针对氮化镓/氮化铝镓系列异质接面光电晶体作为紫外光波段侦测器之相关制作与研究，包括於磊晶结构中有无插入一层低温成长氮化镓层之两种异质接面光电晶体，并比较其元件讯号放大效果以及响应时间的改变。

A banknote recognition photoelectric system based on grating spectrometer was developed, in which aphotomultiplier tube was used as a detector and a computer sampling interface was designed by VC++ language.

以光栅光谱仪为基础，光电倍增管作为探测器，运用VC++语言设计了计算机采样界面，形成了荧光光谱分析的钞票识别光电系统。

The small hole of the optical inducer of the traditional second-generation optical mouse used for receiving the images faces downwards, and corresponding light sources (including photoelectric diode and laser diode), optic lens and photosensitive holes are arranged at the lower part of the mouse; therefore, moving the whole mouse is a relatively convenient method for generating displacement of the mouse pointer; oppositely, the small hole of the optical inducer used for receiving the images faces upwards and corresponding light sources, optical lens and photosensitive holes (7) are arranged at the upper part of the mouse; matters on the upper surface of the photosensitive hole (7) can be moved so as to lead the mouse pointer to generate the displacement, while the moving signal transmitted by a photoelectric conversion device must be reset so as to comply with the integrated mouse of the invention.

传统的第二代光电鼠标的光学感应器接收图象的小孔是向下的，对应的光源(包括光电二极管，激光二极管)、光学透镜和感光孔都是在鼠标下部分，这样要想鼠标指针产生位移较方便的方法就是移动整个鼠标；相反，光学感应器接受图象的小孔向上，对应的光源、光学透镜和感光孔(7)在鼠标上部分，要使鼠标指针产生位移就只需移动附在感光孔(7)上面的物质，但必须重新设置光电转换装置传出的移动信号，以符合本发明。

The development process is guided and the performance index of the theodolite is evaluated by analyzing the digital model.

初步确定了光电经纬仪系统建模的仿真开发环境和具体的建模仿真的实现方法，实现在设计阶段对光电经纬仪性能的分析评价和工作过程的模拟，对误差的仿真检测实际样机的设计精度指标是否符合要求，为光电经纬仪的误差分析、研制过程提供了理论参考。

The present invention relates to a method for heuristically starting up DC brushless servo electric machine, including the following steps of (1) after powerup of an increment type photoelectric encoder, electrifying a stator winding two by two with identical time interval to generate six-directional stator winding resultant magnetic fields;(2) detecting six different angles rotated by the rotor within identical tiny time interval by the photoelectric encoder;(3) selecting most positive value rotation angle from the six different angles, and determining maximum torque corresponding to the stator winding resultant magnetic field, and implementing servo startup using the maximum torque as constant starting torque;(4) after the zero-point signal of the photoelectric encoder occurring, switching to servo operation with normal constant torsion.

本发明直流无刷伺服电机试探启动方法，采用如下步骤：(1)增量式光电编码器上电后对定子绕组采用相同的时间间隔两两通电，顺序产生六个方向的定子绕组合成磁场；(2)由增量式光电编码器检测出转子在相同的微小时间间隔内分别转过的六个不同的角度；(3)从转子六个不同的角度中选出最大正值的转角，确定相应定子绕组合成磁场对应的最大转矩，并以该最大转矩为恒定启动转矩进行伺服启动；(4)当增量式光电编码器零点信号出现后，切换为正常恒转矩伺服运行。

By changing the photosensitize concentration of C60and TNF,material s environment temperature,and applied electric field,the material s photoconduction is studied,finding out that the materials photoconduction is direct proportion to temperature,increases by the photosensitize concentration and applied electric field,contrasting the photoconductive of PVK+C60and PVK+TNF.

通过改变聚乙烯咔唑中光敏剂C60和TNF的浓度，材料体系的环境温度，以及外加电场场强的大小等，对材料体系的光电导效应进行了分析，发现材料的光电导具有正的温度系数，随光敏剂含量和外加电场场强的增加而增大，对PVK+C60和PVK+TNF的光电导进行了对比。

The calculated results validate the rationality of molecular structure design for TPA-based organic dyes.5.Effects on DSCs performance by dye bath solvents were investigated,and dichloromethane is chosen for sensitizers' comparison.6.The Incident Photon-to-Ccurrent Conversion Efficiencyand Current-Voltage curves of the DSCs based on the as-prepared dyes were measured.The relationship between dye structures and photovoltaic performance of the DSCs were studied.

计算结果证明了三苯胺基染料分子结构设计的合理性。5、研究了TiO_2膜的染料敏化时所用溶剂对电池性能产生的影响，结果表明，二氯甲烷溶液敏化的膜电极，用于DSCs的测试，均表现出较好的光电性能。6、通过入射单色光光电转换效率以及电流-电压曲线的测试，系统表征了三苯胺基染料敏化的DSCs的光电转换性能，揭示了影响电池性能参数差异的因素。

Plunder melds and run with this jewel!

掠夺melds和运行与此宝石！

My dream is to be a crazy growing tree and extend at the edge between the city and the forest.

此刻，也许正是在通往天国的路上，我体验着这白色的晕旋。