光密度

It indicates that the extinction capability and concentration of bubble solvent can seriously influence the light absorption in some wavebands, bubbles can change the direction of light propagation and reduce the energy density, the transmission intensity and light energy decrease rapidly with the increase of times that the light passes through the bubbles, and bubbles′ floating nature can cause the uncertainty in the emergent ray direction and energy distribution.

结果显示：泡沫溶液的溶质/溶剂的消光能力、浓度等对特定波段光波的吸收产生关键影响；泡沫通过改变光线的传播方向，大大分散出射光线的能量密度；随着光线穿过泡沫液膜界面的次数增多，透射光强迅速衰减，透射能量迅速下降；其漂浮运动还将导致出射光线方向和能量密度分布的不确定性。

To use solid immersion lens is one of the practical methods to realize the near-field high-density optical data storage.

采用固体浸没透镜的光存储方法是提高光存储密度的比较实用的近场光存储方法，而严格控制SIL下底面与光存储介质之间的亚波长级距离是此光存储系统正常工作的前提。

To use solid immersion lens is one of the practical methods to realize the near-field high-density optical data storage. But the storage system will work only on the condition that the distance between the bottom of the SIL and the surface of media is exactly controlled within the sub-wavelength scale.

采用固体浸没透镜的光存储方法是提高光存储密度的比较实用的近场光存储方法，而严格控制SIL下底面与光存储介质之间的亚波长级距离是此光存储系统正常工作的前提。

It was found that introducing 15 g/L additive containing 1.5 g saccharin helped to well retard electropolishing-induced corrosion of the electropolished improve the quality of the electropolished moldboard surfaces. At the same time, it was feasible to realize satisfactory precision electropolished of the laser moldboard made of stainless steel at a current density of 20~25 A/dm^2, duration of 1 min, and temperature of 60~65 ℃. The resulting polished moldboard had smooth walls and bright surface, while the corrosion was less than 0.005 mm.

结果表明，添加剂含量在15 g/L时能有效抑制抛光的腐蚀量，提高抛光质量；在精抛光的参数电流密度为20~25 A/dm^2，温度60~65℃，时间1 min条件下，钢片经去毛刺处理和精抛光处理能达到孔壁光滑、腐饮量小于0.005 mm的要求。

For the low linear saturation threshold of photoelectric detector,a new and reliable method used in diagnostic system is introduced to attenuate high energy laser power density using multilayer dielectric coating.

针对环形光刀取样式高能激光束在线测量系统应用中光电探测器线性饱和功率密度低而被测高能激光功率密度高的特点，采用对取样激光扩束和介质膜衰减片级联衰减的方式，实现了数千倍的线性光强衰减。

This project was established based on the first cooperative development of optical in situ real time detecting technique probing the atomic scale layer-by-layer epitaxy growth of oxide film. Over the last three years, we have given full play to the advantages and characteristics of both sides and have finished the assumptions and plans of this subject satisfactorily. 1. In Institute of Physics, we set up advanced oblique-incidence reflectivity difference equipment and wrote one data acquisition procedure that made the simultaneous detection of optical signal and RHEED signal into reality. 2. The first observation of sustained oscillations over hundreds of monolayers in both real and imaginary signals during the epitaxy growth of SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3 on SrTiO3 substrate in LMBE testifies that oblique-incidence is an excellent method to detect and monitor film epitaxy growth real time. 3. For the first time, we verify that oblique-incidence reflectivity difference method can be used to monitor the layer-by-layer growth mode during continuous growth through the correspondence between optical signals to atomic or molecular step edge density on the growth surface. 4. Phenomenological analysis shows that optical signals comprise three parts, the first is proportional to the average thickness of the film and depends on the bulk phase dielectric response; the second is proportional to the coverage of terraces and depends on the dielectric response of atoms or unit cells in the terrace; the third is proportional to the coverage of step edges and depends on the effective dielectric response of atoms or unit cells at step edges. This makes oblique-incident reflectivity difference technique a quantitative macroscopic method to monitor film growth.

中文摘要：本课题是在合作首次发展了氧化物薄膜原子尺度层状外延生长光学原位实时探测方法的基础上立项的，三年来，我们充分发挥双方的优势和特点，圆满完成了课题的设想和计划。1、在物理所建立了一套先进的光反射差法装置，编写了计算机系统的数据采集程序，实现了两路光学信号和RHEED数据的同步采集和显示。2、用激光分子束外延在SrTiO3基底上生长SrNb0.1Ti0.9O3薄膜，首次观测到连续外延几百个原胞层，周期振荡的光反射差实部和虚部信号，证明了光反射差法是一种能原位实时探测与监控薄膜层状外延生长的好方法。3、首次验证了通过对生长表面原子或分子台阶密度的响应，光反射差法可用于原位实时监测在连续生长条件下薄膜的层式生长模式。4、通过唯象理论的研究，证明光反射差信号由三项组成，第一项只与薄膜的平均厚度和宏观光学电介质常数有关；第二项与分子台阶面覆盖度和台阶面上分子层的光学电介质常数有关；第三项与台阶边缘的覆盖度成正比，并和在台阶边缘的分子的有效光学介电常数有关。

RESULT: 1.Ouabain act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane discontinuous,epithelium cells clustered,occluding zonule seperated,lens fiber layers fractured.Under the EM,cells totally hollowed,mitochondria swelling,myelin figure appeared.RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.2.Digoxin act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens cell oedema,linkage distructed,extensive exfoliation.Under the EM,plasma appeared little half-transparant hollow region,mitochondria swelling and ridge disappeared. RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all decreased.3.Amphotericin B act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens epithelium cells linked tightly,arranged in-line,lens fiber layers arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,abbundant cellular organes,exuberant cells function indicated. RT-PCR examine the expression condition of αsubunit of sodium pump on mRNA level,α1 and α3-isoform are increased significantly,demonstrated isoform-specific action.4D-thyroxine act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens plasmalemma integrated,cells arranged tightly and regularily.Under the EM,nucleus fission appeared,desmosome half-desmosome and tensile microfilaments linked the cells. RT-PCR examine,α2 and α3-isoform are increased, also demonstrated isoform-specific action.5.Vitamin E act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane continuous and smooth,epithelium cells tightly linked,lens fiber layers appearede hollow region occasionally.Under the EM,lateral membrane high density belt appeared,abundant nucleolus. RT-PCR examine,onlyα1-isoform are increased, demonstrated significantly isoform-specific action.6.DMSO act on lens sodium-pump,under the LM,lens anterior capsular membrane slightly thicker,cells linkage partly distructed.Under the EM,plasmalemma denaturation,mitochondria swelling.RT-PCR examine,α1、α2 and α3-isoform are all altered slightly and haven't significant meanning.

结果：1、哇巴因作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜断裂、上皮细胞聚积、闭合连接分离、纤维板层裂隙，电镜下全层细胞空泡化、线粒体肿胀出现髓样结构，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。2、地高辛作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体细胞水肿、细胞连接破坏、广泛剥离，电镜下胞质见少许半透明空化区、线粒体肿胀嵴消失，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达均减弱。3、两性霉素B作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体上皮细胞紧密连接、线状排列、纤维板层紧密规整，电镜下细胞器丰富、细胞功能旺盛，RT-PCR法检测α1及α3表达显著增强、具有一定的重整异构作用特异性。4、D甲状腺素作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体质膜完整、细胞排列紧密规整，电镜下胞核见分裂像、细胞间有桥粒、半桥粒及张力微丝，RT-PCR法检测α2及α3表达均增强、亦有一定的重整异构作用特异性。5、维生素E作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜连续光滑、上皮细胞紧密连接、纤维板层偶见空化，电镜下囊侧膜内有高电子密度带、细胞核仁丰富，RT-PCR法检测仅有α1的表达显著增强、具有极强的重整异构作用特异性。6、二甲基亚砜作用于晶状体钠泵后，光镜下晶状体前囊膜轻度增厚、细胞连接部分破坏，电镜下质膜变性、线粒体肿胀，RT-PCR法检测晶状体钠泵α亚单位α1、α2及α3三种重整异构体在mRNA水平的表达无显著改变。

The current density of the un-pretreated sample attains 1.2mA/cm2,but the polished sample and polished acidly washed sample attain 3.2 and 2.75mA/cm2,respectively,at the electric field of 6.25V/μm.

在场强为6.25V/μm时，衬底未处理样品的电流密度为1.2mA/cm2，而衬底抛光的样品和衬底抛光又酸洗的样品的电流密度分别达到3.2和2.75mA/cm2。

The study results indicate that as emission power increases, the peak power density on the section of a certain distance will increase firstly, then it will descend and that the peak light intensity on the section will increase with the increasing of spot radius of basic mode Gaussian beam. As the propagation distance increases, the peak light intensity on the section will descend gradually, and the laser energy will spread. The light intensity distribution exhibits straw hat shape on a certain conditions, in other word to say, the central light intensity is less than acroteric light intensity.

结果表明，无风稳态热晕效应存在时，随发射功率的增大，一定传输距离截面上的峰值功率密度先增人后减小；截面上的峰值光强随基模高斯光束的腰斑半径的增大而增大；随着传输距离的增大，截面上峰值光强在逐渐减小，能量在逐渐向周围扩展；在一定条件下，截面上的光强分布会呈现中心光强小于周围光强的&草帽型&分布。

PCC6803. In the enclosed photobioreactor, after 58. 5h mixotrophic cultivation, 2. 50g/L cell density, 1. 0g/L. d productivity, 15. 3μg/ml chlorophyll concentration and 25. 3%energy efficiency were achieved, which were respectively 8. 9 times, 11times, 2. 3 times and 4. 9 times as much as those in photoautotrophic culture.

在封闭式光生物反应器中，混合营养培养58.5小时，集胞藻6803藻细胞密度达到2.50g/L，是同期光自养的9倍，藻细胞产率为1.0g／L.d，是光自养培养的11倍，叶绿素浓度为15.3μg／ml，是光自养的2.3倍，能量得率为25.3％，是光自养培养过程的5倍。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。