光学透镜

As substitute for fluorite lens, a double-layer DOE is used in a long focal-length apochromatic objective lens. The modulation transfer function of this hybrid optical system is suggested for evaluating diffraction efficiency of the multilayer DOE. The results show the diffraction efficiency has a wide and symmetrical distribution in the whole waveband.

利用双层衍射光学元件替代萤石透镜校正混合光学系统的二级光谱，设计并制作了一套长焦距物镜，并利用系统调制传递函数评价了多层衍射光学元件衍射效率，测试结果表明衍射效率在整个设计波段内以较高的数值平均分布。

As a professional manufacturer of Optical and crystal Components, Foctek supplies Quality Products including High Precision Prism, Lens, Filter, Window, Beamsplitter, Mirror, Quartz Waveplate, Polarizer, Depolarizer, Polarization Beamsplitter, Micro Optics, Laser Crystals and NLO Crystals and Magneto-Optical Material, etc.

福特科是一个专业的光学和晶体元件制造商，公司的产品主要包括高精度棱镜，透镜，光学窗片，滤波片，反射镜，分光棱镜，波片，偏振器，偏振分光棱镜，消偏振器，微光学元件，激光晶体，非线性光学晶体，磁光材料等。

With the development of society and demand of energy economy, it is the new direction and development trend that improving the focus and reducing optical losses of Fresnel lens.

随着社会的发展和节能经济的需求，提高菲涅尔透镜的聚焦性，降低透镜的光学损失成为了菲涅尔透镜研究的新动向和发展趋势。

Finally, we use Cooke Triplet and Double Gauss to be our design models. The negative index lens and traditional lens are compared in the geometric optics.

最后利用两组透镜组Cooke Triplet与Double Gauss 作为设计蓝图，把负折射率透镜与一般的传统透镜作为几何光学上的比较。

For easy to install and checkout optical instrument,here primarily introduces the basic principles and structure component of collimator,which is composed of object lens、divisional board and ground glass.

1引言根据几何光学原理，无限远处的物体经过透镜后将成像在焦平面上；反之，从透镜焦平面上发出的光线经透镜后将成为一束平行光。

To form the theory and method of hybrid refractive-diffractive optical design that can join to the Chinese conventional optical design system, the primary aberration theory expressed by PWC about HRD systems has been investigated, and the function relation between Seidel sums and P, W, C, between ∞,∞,∞ and the diffractive lens structure have been established.

为了形成与中国传统光学设计体系相街接的折衍混合光学设计的理论和方法，研究了PWC表示的折衍混合薄透镜系统初级像差理论，建立了赛德尔像差和数与P、W、C的函数关系，以及∞、∞、∞与衍射透镜结构的函数关系。

Retroreflector array is used as pseudo phase conjugator in the system. The fidelity of the conjugate wave and matching problem of the retroreflector array and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is discussed. Several data fusion methods are presented in order to having two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors control one set of wavefront corrector. The misalignment errors of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and arrangement errors of wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are analyzed. At the same time, numerical work based on the data of practically system, such as 61 element AO system, are done corresponding to the problem respectively and the results are given.The system of CP/CM AO is setup to fulfill all the functions.

针对不同的应用环境，提出了四种CP／CM衍生光路；进行了关键器件——角反射器阵列的保真度分析，给出了角反射器阵列作为伪相位共轭器件，与哈特曼—夏克波前传感器的匹配条件，认为角反射器阵列的布局要与哈特曼波前传感器的微透镜阵列布局完全对应，才能达到最优探测效果；提出了四种双哈特曼传感器控制一套波前校正器的数据融合方式，并逐一进行了分析，认为加修正因子斜率融合和电压融合方式在目前工程中是适用的，并进行了相应的数值模拟；给出了哈特曼传感器自身的调整误差分析过程，得到了误差可通过常规标定消除的判断依据；通过数值计算，得到了常规自适应光学系统和CP／CM系统哈特曼传感器和变形镜的对准误差对系统性能的影响，给出了两种系统对于不同对准误差情况下校正效果的变化情况和相应系统容限；以37单元自适应光学系统为基础，搭建了CP／CM自适应光学系统光路，并完成了系列CP／CM功能实现实验，运用双哈特曼传感器数据融合，成功实现了CP／CM自适应光学系统的闭环实验。

Retroreflector array is used as pseudo phase conjugator in the system. The fidelity of the conjugate wave and matching problem of the retroreflector array and Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor is discussed. Several data fusion methods are presented in order to having two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors control one set of wavefront corrector. The misalignment errors of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor and arrangement errors of wavefront sensor and deformable mirror are analyzed. At the same time, numerical work based on the data of practically system, such as 61 element AO system, are done corresponding to the problem respectively and the results are given. The system of CP/CM AO is setup to fulfill all the functions. Through the data fusion of two Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensors, the system runs successfully and realizes the close loop. It lays a good foundation for the application of CP/CM AO. Another aspect of this paper is to expand the working band of Hartmann-Shack wavefront sensor through Frequency Transfer of Nonlinear Optics.

针对不同的应用环境，提出了四种CP／CM衍生光路；进行了关键器件——角反射器阵列的保真度分析，给出了角反射器阵列作为伪相位共轭器件，与哈特曼—夏克波前传感器的匹配条件，认为角反射器阵列的布局要与哈特曼波前传感器的微透镜阵列布局完全对应，才能达到最优探测效果；提出了四种双哈特曼传感器控制一套波前校正器的数据融合方式，并逐一进行了分析，认为加修正因子斜率融合和电压融合方式在目前工程中是适用的，并进行了相应的数值模拟；给出了哈特曼传感器自身的调整误差分析过程，得到了误差可通过常规标定消除的判断依据；通过数值计算，得到了常规自适应光学系统和CP／CM系统哈特曼传感器和变形镜的对准误差对系统性能的影响，给出了两种系统对于不同对准误差情况下校正效果的变化情况和相应系统容限；以37单元自适应光学系统为基础，搭建了CP／CM自适应光学系统光路，并完成了系列CP／CM功能实现实验，运用双哈特曼传感器数据融合，成功实现了CP／CM自适应光学系统的闭环实验。

A novel method of measuring plus lens's focus is given, which is based on LCD, CCD, and digital image processing It is also a discussion on photoelectric method of automatically measuring parameters of an optic system In this method, a LCD is used as a reticle of the collimator, while the image on the accepting side is transformed into digital image and is sent into a computer The focus can finally be calculated out through digital image processing and analysis The method of measurement is introduce...

讨论了一种基于LCD、CCD和数字图像处理的正透镜焦距测量方法，是光电法自动化测量光学系统多个参数的一种有益的探讨。用液晶屏显示分划图形取代平行光管的分划板，用CCD在接收方采集数字图像并送入计算机，通过图像处理和分析得出被测透镜的焦距。运用叠加的方法提高图像的信噪比；结合重心法和平行线拟合方法求取平行线对的间距；应用高精度焦距标准透镜标定数字图像和实际像之间的比例关系。详细介绍了测量和图像处理的方法，进行了公式推导和误差分析，并给出了实验结果

The relationship between the parameters of Cu compound X-ray lens and its performance is analyzed.

针对铜材料组合透镜，分析了组合透镜结构参数、 X射线工作波长的选择对组合透镜光学性能的影响。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。