光学透镜

Referring to the function of cylindrical lens and the principles of holographic optical elements, we make this holographic element, which can achieve the optical function of cylindrical lens, and have the advantage of large-scale, short focal length and well-distributed light energy, in order to meet the requirements of laser direct writing synthetic holograms.

实验结合激光直写合成全息拍摄时所需柱面透镜的功能，参考全息光学元件的制作原理来制作图像柱面压缩全息光学元件，实现柱面透镜的光学功能，并使元件具有大面积、短焦距、会聚光均匀分布的特点，满足激光直写合成全息拍摄对图像的需求。

Based on the traditional geometric optics principles and the method of ray tracking, this paper reports the calculation of the aberration of the mode index lens when the collimated beam incidents upon it inclinely with an angle, and the divergency of the output beam from the MIL when it works as a collimator for the end-butt coupling between the semiconductor laser and the waveguide.

本文从传统几何光学原理出发，用光线追迹的方法来计算研究准直光束斜入射到模折射率透镜上产生的像差，以及当半导体激光器与波导端射耦合以MIL作为准直透镜时，输出准直光束的发散情况，并探讨MIL在集成光学频谱分析仪中作为准直或会聚透镜的适用性。

Most of optic a l systems consist of a number of singlet a nd doublets, of which the singlet c a n be considered a s a speci a l doublet.

摘要大多数光学系统都是由若干单透镜和双胶合透镜组成的，单透镜可以看成是双胶合透镜的特殊情况。

Electrostatic forces are employed to manipulate the shape of liquid polymer lens. Surface profile distortions of the liquid lens result in its focus variability. UV light is employed to cure the liquid lens when its surface profile and focal spot are appropriate. Therefore, aspherical micro-lens with nice optical imaging and focusing abilities can be fabricated.

在实时进行光学检测的条件下，选择光固化材料，利用电场作用操控液滴透镜的面形实现变焦，在检测到较好的透镜面形和聚焦状态时，采用紫外光固化技术使液滴透镜固化，可制作具有良好光学成像和聚焦性能的非球面微透镜。

In the paper, on the basis of aggregation of previous studies, the development of optical technology and development trends at home and abroad are introduced, the principle of Fresnel lens is summarized. In accordance with its principle, circle equidistant steps Fresnel lens design is described. And on this basis, based on Fresnel design, also based on a continuous upward spiral of the plane curve concept, incidence surface and the backlight is set up to greet Archimedes - Fresnel lens design formula and the Second parabolic type Fresnel lens design formula, and on this basis, the advantages and disadvantages of the three designs is discussed.

本文在充分了解非球面光学技术在国内外的发展状况和趋势的基础上，同时从菲涅尔透镜的光学原理出发，并根据它的工作原理推导了圆环等距菲涅尔透镜的设计步骤，并在此基础上依据菲涅尔的设计思想，同时依据平面曲线的连续又呈螺旋的构思，推导出了迎光面和背光面阿基米德型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式和二次抛物面型菲涅尔透镜的设计公式，并在此基础上讨论了这三种设计各自的优缺点。

We placed the lens holder, testing lens, and the assistant lens in the testing optical path. When the testing lens was mounted in the lens holder, we took five dynamic interferograms. After rotating the testing lens by 180 degrees along the edge of the testing lens, we took another set of interferograms. Then, we could evaluate the centering error of the testing optical element by analysing these two sets of interferograms.

在待测光程中加入透镜治具、待测透镜与辅助透镜，当待测透镜贴靠於透镜治具，此时撷取五张连续相移干涉图，之后由待测透镜配合透镜治具沿待测透镜外缘旋转180度，再撷取另一组干涉图形，最后由两组干涉图进行分析，以测量光学元件的偏心误差值。

We have completed the earlier stage research on theory analysis, fabricated the GRIN sphere lenses using two kind of monomer selected by suspension diffusion copolymerization method, measured their refractive index distribution curve and other optical parameters of them, and evaluated imaging quality on the basis of their distribution curve.

本工作对此种透镜的光学性能进行理论分析，选择两种适当聚合物单体利用悬浮扩散共聚的方法加工制备此类微球透镜，测量所得透镜的折射率分布曲线和其它光学参数，并对此种梯度折射率微球透镜的成像特性进行了评价。

Firstly, based on the basic theory of GRIN optics the optical effects of the spherical symmetry GRIN micro-sphere lens were analyzed systematically. Firstly, based on the basic theory of GRIN optics the optical effects of the spherical symmetry GRIN micro-sphere lens were analyzed systematically.

本工作从梯度折射率介质光学的基本理论出发，对球对称GRIN微球透镜的光学性能进行了系统的分析；研究了用球对称GRIN微球制作回归反射材料的可能；进而选择两种聚合物单体，采用悬浮扩散共聚法，研究制备了较大粒径的聚合物梯度折射率微球透镜。

The latest experimental results of the focusing perfermance of the compound high-energy X-ray lens is designed with PMMA with the parameters of 40 plano-concave elementary lenses positioned in line with axial symmetry, 200 μm radius of the concave surface, 0.15 nm working wavelength, 0.5 mm geometrical aperture and 8 mm length of the compound lens and 1.3 m focus length, are briefly introduced.

报道了这种新型X射线光学元件聚焦性能的最新实验结果。设计的高能X射线组合透镜为聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯材料，包括40个相同的、顺序排布的平凹折射单元，折射单元的球面半径为200 μm，组合透镜的几何口径约为500 μm，长度约为8 mm，焦距约为1.3 m。简要描述了PMMA材料X射线组合透镜的制作技术和制作过程。并给出了X射线组合透镜聚焦性能测试实验系统和实验条件。

To avoid the shortcoming of magnification change with wavelength, which will cause the spectral image pixel registration error and provide inaccurate relative spectral signal strength in the classical diffractive optic imaging spectrometer, a novel hybrid refraction/diffraction telecentric optical system combining a diffractive lens with an achromatic lens system is presented, and the working principle is then established.

为了克服在传统衍射光学成像光谱仪中，衍射透镜的焦距随波长变化引起系统放大率随波长变化，从而导致光谱图像的像元配准误差，得到并不精确的相对光谱信号强度，提出了将衍射透镜与消色差透镜系统相结合的新型折/衍混合、二组元复合远心成像光学系统的技术方案，具体分析推导了该系统的成像理论。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。