光学的

With the development of integrated optics, all kinds of optical wave-guide devices with different function have appeared.

随着集成光学的发展，出现了越来越多的结构不同、功能各异的光波导器件。

Taking stray light in "Shenguang III" as the study subject and basing on the basic principle of geometrical optics,Applying the technological path of paraxial ray and real ray tracing,a new analytic way and data structure,which suits for the specific requirement in analysis and process of ghost images,is presented.

本课题就是以"神光-Ⅲ"激光装置中的杂散光为研究对象，针对高功率多程放大系统在鬼像分析与处理方面特殊要求，从光线光学的基本原理出发，应用近轴光线与空间光线追迹技术路线，提出一种新型的分析方法和数据结构。

At this point, with a limited degree of familiarity with paraxial optics, and believing that only lens designers with a penchant for algebra can understand the subject, the vast majority of students opt out.

这种情况下，学生仅仅熟悉了一点近轴光学的知识，然后就是胡思乱想的假设只有嗜好代数运算的镜头设计专家才可以懂这一门学问，最后，大部分学生选择了放弃努力。

At the time I will confess that I thought chiefly of the PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS and my own seventeen papers upon physical optics.

我承认，我那时主要想到的是《哲学学报》和我自己的十七八篇论述物理光学的论文。

An all-optical high sensitivity atomic magnetometer is investigated and demonstrated experimentally, of which the principle is based on the interaction between laser beam and rubidium atoms in magnetic field.

报道了一种全光学的高灵敏度铷原子磁力仪。其原理是基于激光束与处于微弱磁场中的铷原子的相互作用。

The theoretical study focuses on the design and simulation of new type integrated devices, also on the new concept investigation based on solid-state physics and wave optics; The study of new devices focuses on the communication elements and sensors.

在理论研究方面，对新型器件的设计、计算和模拟以及基于固体物理学和波动光学的基础理论研究是目前研究热点；而在器件研究方面，通信及传感器件是目前的研究热点。

Other examples of "extreme nonlinear optics" cover diverse areas such as solid-state physics, atomic physics, relativistic free electrons in a vacuum and even the vacuum itself.

极端非线性光学的其他例子包括象固体物理学那样的完全不同的领域，原子物理学，在真空和甚至itself。

Methods:Explain the difference between power and vertex power from basic definitions of optics, and analyze the measuring principle and error of focimeter.

从光学的基础定义出发，阐述光焦度和顶焦度的差别，并对焦度计的测量原理和误差进行正确分析。

In the chapter one the background about nonlinear optical properties of the semiconductor nano-particles and the PANI materials was introduced.

在论文的第一章介绍了聚苯胺材料和半导体纳米材料的研究背景、现状，介绍了非线性光学的现象。

By the mutual action of its structure and of the laws of light, perspective is produced, which integrates every mass of objects, of what character soever, into a well colored and shaded globe, so that where the particular objects are mean and unaffecting, the landscape which they compose, is round and symmetrical.

眼睛的结构与光学的法则互动，产生出所谓的&透视&，因此任何一组物体，不管它是何种东西，在我们看来都觉得色彩清晰，明暗层次鲜明，井然有序，整体就似乎是一个球；个别的物体或许形态拙劣，了无生趣，但一经组合，就变得对称而完满了。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。