光学的

Abbe's "sine condition", for example, has to be fulfilled by all high-performance lenses and optical systems.

比如他的"阿贝正弦条件"已经被现代高性能镜头和光学系统所验证。

Several breakthroughs in optical systems were the work of physicist and mathematician Ernst Abbe.

作为物理学家和数学家，Ernst Abbe设计出许多突破性的光学系统。

Measuring weak absorptance of thin film coatings by surface thermal lensing technique.

表面热透镜技术探测光学薄膜的微弱吸收。

Measuring weak absorptance of optical thin films with laser calorimetric technique.

用光热偏转技术实施光学薄膜微弱吸收的多波长测量。

This course offers a basic understanding on morphology structure and function, the injury on crop of Acari by light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy practical operation.

本实习目的，让学生利用光学显微镜及扫瞄式电子显微镜认识基本之蟎蜱外部形态构造及功能，与观察蟎类对重要经济作物的为害特徵。

The SD-8 Accipiter is a flying Sentry Drone with assault capabilities, armed with an optical tracker and multi-barrel rotating cannons.

SD-8 "猎鹰"攻击机器人通过小队的NetBat系统锁定和攻击敌人，具有光学跟踪器和多管旋转式机炮。

The method of designing binary optical element is proposed to realize Achromatic Optical Variable Device.

提出了一种实现消色散光变图像的二元光学方法。

Acrylate polymer emulsions are widely used in the field of optics, physic, biology and chemical engineering etc.

由于丙烯酸酯类聚合物乳液具有优良的耐光性、耐酸碱性和耐腐蚀性，而广泛应用于光学、医学、电子、化工等许多领域。

We expect it will benefit the industry field to break through the optical measuring limits at present by offering some new ideas. Optical measuring research based on moire interferometry has developed for several decades. The main idea of this research is to utilize the moire effect caused by two superimposed gratings of identical or similar spatial frequency. One is the reference grating and it is a virtual grating created by a computer program in this research; The other grating is the image of grating projected on the measured surface by the DLP projector, and this grating will distort because of the different sloped profile of the surface. To superimpose the program-created grating and the captured distorted grating will derive the so-called moire effect. This research combined the basic theory of optical interferometry and moire effect to project the different phases of the projected grating fringes by the phase-shifting method and compute the principal value of arguments between -π,π. In the end, the phase unwrapping program based on discrete Fourier transform of solving PDEs is used to unwrap the phase of the measured surface, and finally the surface profile is derived by the optical measuring system.

以叠纹干涉术为基础的光学检测研究之发展早已行之有年，而在本研究中所采用的投影叠纹法(Projection moiré)之主要精神在於藉由两道空间频率相近或相同的光栅相互叠加而成的效应，其中一道为参考光栅，而本研究中的参考光栅是以程式产生可调整不同空间频率的虚拟光栅；另一道则为投影至待测物表面的光栅影像，而在起伏高度不一的待测表面上的光栅影像会受到待测物表面起伏状况不同而在观测方向产生光栅投影条纹影像的歪曲变形，将电脑产生的参考光栅与由影像撷取装置所获取投影於待测物表面的光栅影像作叠合，便会产生所谓的叠纹效应；利用基本的光学干涉理论与叠纹效应结合，本研究中以相移法来改变投影於待测表面的光栅相位，再以相移法的理论反运算出在带有待测面各点高度资讯之介於-π，π相位主幅角，再以离散傅立叶转换解偏微分方程的相位重建程式还原待测面的相位值，以得知待测面之表面轮廓。

Beginning with wave equation, the paper has deduced the propagation of gauss pulses in single mode fiber and fiber grating transmission compensation. The characteristics of cascaded phase-shift gratings are discussed by numerical simulations of coupled-mode theory and T-matrix method. The experimental works and measurement results are shown in this paper. On the other hand, we have introduced the basic theory of EDFA and figured out the characteristics for EDFA at different conditions by numerical simulation. Some experimental results for EDFA are also presented here. In this article, you can find the influence on Optical Fiber Amplifier by Gain Tilt, especially, the negative effect on CSO in CATV transmission system.

论文首先从波动方程入手，对高斯脉冲在单模光纤中的传播演化及光纤光栅透射补偿进行了详细的研究；较系统地介绍了光纤光栅的耦合模理论，并将传输矩阵计算法用于计算级连相移光纤光栅的光学特性；重点介绍了作者在光纤光栅刻制及特性测量方面所做的一些实验研究工作；较系统介绍了EDFA的基本理论，计算出各种条件下EDFA的光学特性，并进行了一些实验研究；综合分析光纤放大器对光纤传输系统的影响，特别分析了光纤放大器增益不平坦对光纤CATV系统中CSO恶化的原因及其解决方法，并研究了光纤布拉格光栅在稳定980nm泵浦源输出功率和输出波长方面的应用；结合一个基于光纤光栅和光纤放大器的光纤用户接入网方案，对光纤用户接入网的若干问题进行了理论与初步的实验研究。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。