光学的

This paper has described the basic function and qualification of the compensating brake master cylinder admeasuring apparatus firstly, given an introduction of gross structure, measuring principle and method, put its emphasis on the dissertation of working principle of main composing parts, such as endoscopic-micro optical system, CCD pick up camera and precision machinery system, and on the design of optical imaging system. It has analyzed the main error and the influence on measuring accuracy as well as giving a conclusion of error analysis.

本文首先叙述了制动主缸补偿孔测量仪的基本功能和技术指标，接着介绍了仪器的总体结构、检测原理与方法，重点对系统的主要组成部分，如内窥显微光学成像系统、CCD摄像机和精密机械系统等的工作原理进行了论述，并对光学成像系统进行了设计，最后分析了系统的主要误差来源及其对系统检测精度的影响，并给出误差分析结论。

The performance effects and jamming mechanisms of CCD, IR detector and tracking system are researched in detail when laser irradiates them. Based on the composing and working principle of CCD and IR detector, the photo-electricity characteristic of them are studied and the saturation effects of them induced by laser are also analyzed.

从CCD 及红外单元探测器的基本组成及工作原理出发，研究了二者的光电特性，分析了激光辐照CCD 及红外单元探测器件的光学饱和效应以及视场外激光对CCD 的干扰中所需要考虑的两种光学效应及干扰机理，并开展了脉冲、连续YAG 激光对KA-320 型CCD 的辐照实验。

ABSTRACT Erbium-doped fiber laser has attracted much more attentions for its greatly potential application. It upbuilds good theory and experimental foundation for the application of erbium-doped fiber lasers in optic communication, optic detection etc. to study control and synchronization of chaotic erbium-doped fiber lasers.

掺铒光纤激光器因其在光通讯等领域具有广阔的应用前景而受到国内外广大科技工作者的重视，掺铒光纤激光器的混沌/超混沌及其控制与同步的研究更为其在光学保密通讯、光学检测等领域的应用奠定了良好的理论和实验基础。

The ferroelectrics with photoelectronic, acoustooptic, and nonlinear optical effects are good candidate for constructing optical switches, power splitters, couplers, filters, frequency doublers, and integrated photonic devices. Especially, the newly developed fabrication technology for ferroelectric-based photonic crystals renders a perspective application of ferroelectric materials in photonic band-gap engineering.

具有热释电效应的铁电物质是制作新一代非致冷红外探测器的理想材料；利用铁电体的电光、声光和非线性光学效应，可构建光开关、功分器、耦合器、滤波器、倍频器等无源光学元器件或集成光子器件；特别是近年来发展的铁电光子晶体制备技术对推动和拓展铁电氧化物在光子带隙工程领域的应用带来了新的希望。

In order to easily improve the quality of the color of the beam from the lamp, particularly for application in an optical imaging system such as a reflector of a motor vehicle headlight, the outer envelope of the gas-discharge lamp is partially coated with an optical compensating filter ( 13 ) of a color complementary to the color of the metal halide.

为了容易地改进灯发出的光束颜色的质量，特别是为了在汽车前灯的光学成像系统中的应用，利用光学补偿滤光器(13)局部地覆盖该气体放电灯的外壳，该滤光器具有与金属卤化物的颜色互补的颜色。

These fingerprints provide depth-sensitive quantitative information about the light-scattering properties of tissue and also show significant qualitative differences in scattering patterns.

Backman博士与其团队表示，由4D-ELF/LEBS而来的光散射特徵，表现了结构的特性与光学性能或「指纹」，这些指纹提供组织光散射性质的深度敏感定量资讯，也在散射型态上有显著定性的差异；为了光散射特性的变化与组织定量的方法，他们也分析了一系列的光学标记。

Through the number calculation and the theories analysis that designs oping one-dimensional photonic crystal,the characteristic of TM wave and TE wave defect mode resulting from incident argle and the characteristic of TM wave defect mode resulting from thickness of defect were gotten.The defect mode of TM wave have been in the incident angle 0～π/2,the defect mode of TE wave have been in 0～0.65rad.

通过对设计出的一维掺杂光子晶体的数值计算和理论分析，得出了TM波和TE波缺陷模随入射角变化的特征以及TM波缺陷模随杂质光学厚度的变化特征为：TM波的缺陷模透射峰在入射角为0-π/2范围内均存在，而TE波的缺陷模透射峰只在入射角为0-0.65 rad范围内存在；在一定波长范围内TM波缺陷模的波长随杂质光学厚度近似呈线性变化。

The invention comprises a free-form surface prism with three optical surfaces, and a micro-image display; the free-form surface prism is made of plastic glass materials with the refractive index greater than 1; the three free-form optical surfaces are concave surfaces, which meet one of the three surface-type equations, and the location relationship of each surface meets three condition equations; the incident angle formed between the widest-field upper edge rays emitted by an LCD and the second free-form surface meets the total reflection conditions; and an image source element is an LCD of 0.61 or 0.59 inches.

本发明包含一个具有三个光学表面的自由曲面棱镜和一个微型图像显示器，自由曲面棱镜采用折射率大于1的塑料玻璃材料，自由曲面棱镜的三个自由曲面光学表面均为凹形面，它们应满足三个面型方程之一，并且各表面的位置关系应满足三个条件方程，由LCD发出的最大视场上边缘光线在第二自由曲面上的入射角应满足全反射条件，像源元件为0.61或0.59英寸的LCD。

Comprising 9 elements and a prism unit in 8 groups, including 1 ED lenses and 5 aspherical lenses with 6 aspherical surfaces, a difficult feat even by today's standards, this advanced lens unit passes Leica's stringent standards to deliver exceptional optical performance to the edges even adopting the folded optics.

包括9片和棱镜组8组，其中包括1 ED镜头镜头和5片非球面镜片6片非球面表面，一个困难的壮举即使按照今天的标准，这种先进的镜头组通行证徕卡的严格标准，以提供卓越的光学性能的边缘即使采用折叠光学。

The principle of an optical microscope is quite simple; however, the resolving power of an optical microscope is limited by the wavelength of the light employed, being greater when the light source is shorter wavelength.

光学显微镜的原理很简单，然而光学显微镜的分辨率受所使用的光的波长的限制，光源的波长短，分辨率就高。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。