光学的

The method utilizes an optical device which consists of polarization control elements and polarization beam splitting pieces for realizing the multi-switching of polarization or non-polarization light; in a position sequence, one polarization beam splitting piece is arranged on a main optical path at the back surface of each polarization control element, thereby commonly constituting a 'single-pole double-throw' optical switch with a controller; the controller changes the polarization state of input light beams by driving the polarization control elements according to the control logic, and the input light beams are switched to any one path on an output channel through the polarization beam splitting pieces, thereby completing the designated optical information processing function.

利用偏振控制元件和偏振分束片两种光学元件组成的光学装置实现偏振或非偏振光的多路切换；在位置序列上，每个偏振控制元件后面主光路上放置一块偏振分束片，并和控制器共同构成一个'单刀双掷'光开关；控制器按照控制逻辑驱动偏振控制元件改变输入光束的偏振态，并通过偏振分束片将输入光束切换到输出通道上的任何一路，来完成指定的光信息处理功能。

A similar initiator, Et_2Zn/-Sparteine, yielded polys with threo-diisotactic -rich structure in the main chain, indicative of strongly asymmetric inducation in this system. In this case, no polymeric complexes in-site formed because of the intensive coordination between sparteine and Zn ions.The binary initiating system composed of Et_2Zn and n-BuLi combined the advantages of both metal alkyls, which gave the polymers with higher molecular weights and moderate optical activity ~(25_D =-97.1°～+24.3°.

Et_2Zn／n-BuLi二元引发体系综合了两种金属烷基化物的优点，得到了分子量相对较高(M_n=1.4x10~3～4.9×10~3)且含有手性超分子结构的光学活性聚合物；聚合物中锌含量的微小变化可引起聚合物光学活性明显改变，超分子手性与聚合物侧基的绝对构型存在关联。

Radius variation of image beam waist due to spherical aberration, which varies with the position of objective beam waist, and optical system focus is analyzed with the form of curve. At last,a design example of optical system used for laser plume attenuation testing system is given to illustrate the effect of spherical aberration on the image beam waist.

本文还提出了在设计过程中存在的球差对激光束像方束腰的影响，对其进行了理论分析，并给出了数学模型，总结出高斯光束的像方束腰半径与物方束腰位置、光学系统焦距之间的关系，并对本光学系统的设计进行了验算。

The optical activity of a stereoisomer is expressed quantitatively by its optical rotation, The specific rotation 〖α〗D25C of an optically active compound is defined thus

立体异构体的光学活性是以旋光度定量表示的，光学活性物质的比旋光度〖α〗D25C是这样定义的

In this paper,we chosed the Piranha package LED as lighting sourse,and designed the reflector cavity and pillow lens,and built the 3D model of tail lamp in the structure software Catia,and obtained the optical simulation results of tail lamp in the optical simulation software TracePro,and we succeed in developing a LED tail lamp in last;After the testing in automotive lamp center,it was proved that our lamp achieved the national standard of automotive lamps.

摘 要：采用食人鱼系列的发光二极管(light em itting d iodes，简称LED)作光源，进行枕型透镜与反射腔的设计，在结构软件Catia中建立了一款后位灯的三维模型，并利用光学软件T raceP ro进行光学效果的仿真，开发出了一款LED后位灯。样品经汽车灯具测试中心检测，性能满足国家标准要求。

Although such sensors are designed to detect only the presence or absence of a finger touching the screen, Ramesh Raskar, a researcher at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, wondered whether this new type of device could be turned into not a touch, but a touchless screen by using the sensors to detect more distant objects as well.

虽然在设计上光学传感器只能对接触屏幕的手指做出感应，但是麻省理工学院的研究人员Ramesh Raskar却很好奇这些光学传感器能否同时感应到更远的物体，从而将触摸屏升级为无需触摸的显示屏。

It obtains the various optical images of the sample's nanometer surface, transcended the diffraction limit of conventional optical microscope, by using a fine optical-fiber tip probing ultra-high frequency optical information on the sample surface. And it has extensively been applied on life science, chemistry and material science fields.

它利用细小的光学探针探测样品表面隐失波的超高频空间信息，超越经典衍射极限的限制，可对样品表面纳米尺度区域的各种光学信息进行扫描成像，在生命科学、化学及材料科学领域中都有着广泛而重要的应用。

Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, ChinaThe partial dispersion of some typical glasses working on near infrared band was calculated with the formulas in which P and V were modified. The apochromatism of a wide band system was designed and analyzed.

利用修正的部分色散和阿贝数公式，计算一些典型的普通光学玻璃在450nm～950nm波段的色散特性，应用二级光谱理论，采用普通光学材料，设计了一个复消色差系统，分析近红外波段光学系统的二级光谱特性及校正方法，给出设计实例。

In order to develop an useful synthestic process, we have synthesized amides with various substitutents. The isoquinoline skeleton was constructed through Bischler-Napieralski reaction, followed by asymmetric reduction of the imine intermediates with a Ru complex to form the only chiral center. Finally, we connected the two phenyl groups by Heck reaction and effectively obtained optically active aporphine alkaloids.

为了发展一套实用的合成方法，我们首先制备於苯环上具有不同种取代基的苯乙醯胺，接著透过Bischler-Napieralski反应进行分子内合环，并利用钌金属对亚胺中间体进行不对称的还原反应，建立出产物中唯一的光学活性中心，最后再利用Heck反应连结两个苯环，就可以顺利得到具有光学选择性的阿朴吩类天然物。

Focal error signal of pickup head is achieved according to the Astigmatical principle, and that the optical non-contact probe system with the measurement ranges of 2um and the measurement uncertainty of 1.1nm is obtained. This probe system is immune to the variation of reflective ratios and curvature on the surfaces of samples via improvement of the signal process method.

其中根据光学象散原理得到激光读取头的聚焦误差信号，从而获得测量范围为2μm，测量不确定度可达1.1nm的光学非接触探头系统，通过改进信号处理方式，此探头系统可不受材料表面反射率变化的影响，并允许样品表面存在一定的曲率变化。

But we don't care about Battlegrounds.

但我们并不在乎沙场中的显露。

Ah! don't mention it, the butcher's shop is a horror.

啊！不用提了。提到肉，真是糟透了。