光子

The simplest example is when the sender (whom cryptographers usually call Alice) dispatches a stream of them to the receiver. These photons will have one of two modes.

举个最简单的例子，当发送方将一束光子流传送给接受方，必须从两种模式中的选取一种对其中的光子进行编码（译码者通常称发送方为爱丽丝，接受方为鲍勃）。

For instance, a hot incandescent lamp gives off many photons of different colours which together make up make white light.

例如，一个热的白炽灯释放出许多不同颜色的光子，这些光子组合在一起形成了白光。

In Chapter 1, following the history of PhCs research on the dispersion characteristic, we introduce two important concepts involved in the thesis: negative refractions and designed surface plasmons.

第一章，我们首先引入光子晶体的概念，然后以时间为线索重点介绍了光子晶体色散方面的研究状况，主要包括负折射现象和人造表面等离子体波。

In Chapter 3, a comprehensive analysis of the coupling coefficients between plane waves in conventional dielectric media and Bloch waves in photonic crystals with effective negative refractions is performed by the layer-KKR method.

第三章，我们运用layer-KKR方法计算得到平面波与半无限负折射光子晶体中Bloch波的耦合效率，从而可以将介质-等效负折射率光子晶体的透射率与介质-负折射率介质的透射率进行系统的比较。

The results showed that most of the photons are absorbed after multi-layered tissue scatterings with about 7.3 percent reflectance(specular reflectance and diffuse reflectance) from epidermis.

结果表明在经过多次散射后，大部分的光子被吸收，在本文的模型中只有7.3％的光子从表面反射。

Based on the principle of Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport, the transport processes of 2 MeV and 9 MeV bremsstrahlung in Nal, Csl and CdWO4 scintillators have been simulated.

通过Monte Carlo模拟光子输运过程的理论，对韧致辐射光子在Nal、Csl、cdw氏闪烁体内的输运过程进行了描述。

Thirdly, we employ the air-core PCF structure to overcome the shortage of high material absorption loss of plastics. So mostly light wave can propagate in air core once the light frequency falling in the bandgap band.

再次，本文针对塑料光纤材料吸收损耗过大这一缺点，把塑料作为空芯光子晶体光纤的基质，制成空芯塑料光子晶体光纤并使传输光频落在带隙内，这样一来，就能让大部分光在空气芯中传输。

In chapter four, the REMPI-TOF-MS of Carbon disulfide is investigated in the range of 283-289nm.

第四章主要报道了二硫化碳分子在283-289nm波长范围内的共振增强多光子电离-解离过程的实验研究结果和分析结果，主要内容有：(1)实验测定了二硫化碳分子的共振增强多光子电离的TOF质一谱和分质量的REMpl谱。

A novel method to realize a highly nonlinear photonic crystal fiber is reported. In this method, the core of the hollow core-PCF is filled with highly nonlinear liquids, such as carbon disulfide, chloroform and methylbenzene.

提出了一种实现高非线性光子晶体光纤的新方法，即在空芯光子晶体光纤的纤芯空气孔中填充高折射率、高非线性折射率的液态物质三氯甲烷、甲苯、二硫化碳等。

All relevant experiments including photoelectric effect and Compton scattering just show that light manifests as one and other photons in its interacting with matter,but does not so in its free propagating.

以光电效应和康普顿散射为代表的一切有关实验证明了的都是光在与物质相互作用时以光子的形式出现，并没有证明光在传播中以光子流的形式存在。

Shop assistant: Please check at the door.

店员：请您到门口柜台交费。

In the end, transportation of PAHs in the environmental matrix was preliminarily investigated and discussed according to PAHs data of soils and sediments from a certain region in Shanghai. The result indicated that there are two or more pathways on PAHs transportation in the environmental matrix.

最后，对上海特定地区内PAHs在环境介质中的迁移径途进行了分析讨论，结果表明上海市土壤和沉积物等环境介质中PAHs的迁移存在多种途径。