光子

In the thesis, we use R-Soft program to find the appropriate photonic crystal structure which can replace laser cleaved mirror and provide high reflectivity as high as 71% for 980 nm laser. Furthermore, we replace mirror with air bridge mirror in order to prevent light from escaping below photonic crystal. Then we observe whether it can provide higher reflectivity.

本论文利用R-Soft软体来对二维光子晶体做模拟，找出适当的二维光子晶体排列，能对於波长980 nm雷射提供高的反射率，以使光子晶体能取代一般的雷射的劈裂镜面，制作反射率高达71%的雷射镜面，另外，更进一步将镜面改为空桥式镜面，以避免光从有限深光子晶体下方散逸，来研究是否能提供更高的反射率。

However, you can play a very remarkable trick," van Bibber said."If I shoot a photon into a magnetic field (which you can think of as a sea of virtual photons), a real photon and a virtual photon to make an axion and vice versa.

然而，我们可以耍一个非同寻常的花招，"范·比伯说，"如果我将一个光子射进磁场中，你可以将磁场当作是一个虚拟光子的海洋，那么一个真实光子和一个虚拟光子相互作用，可以变成一个轴子，反之亦然。

At the central frequency of the reduced units 0.5(ωa/2πc), when the transmission band of photonic crystaln is completely inside the band gap of photonic crystalmm, both sharing the same central frequency as their symmetry centers, mirror symmetrical photonic quantum well is formed.

针对光子晶体mnm模型，选择适当的结构参数，通过传输矩阵法对其透射谱进行计算模拟发现，在归一化中心频率0.5(ωa/2πc)处，当光子晶体n的导带处于光子晶体mm的禁带中，且两者均以中心频率处为对称中心时，构成镜像对称的光子晶体量子阱结构。

It is found that the confiner the electric field, the sharper the peak width. The different confined states correspond to the different oscillation modes, which can be well described by the resonant tunneling effect used in the semiconductor quantum well structures.

B：非完全约束光子量子阱结构的束缚态出现在阱光子晶体的禁带区域，并且不同束缚态对应不同的光子量子阱能级，不同的量子阱能级有不同程度的光场约束，光场约束在阱光子晶体中的越多，对应的透射极大的半峰宽越小。

The original two-photon JC model is generalized to the case of degenerate atomic level.

本文研究了双光子JC模型的耗散与退相干，得到了一些不同于单光子过程结论；发现双光子过程中场的相干性无论在质的方面及量的方面都受腔耗散的影响，这是与单光子过程明显不同的。

A method reducing the degeneracy of photonic bands through moderatelyreducing the degree of spatial symmetry is proposed to design the photonic crystalwhich can create a photonic band gap.

提出了适当降低光子晶体的空间对称性，使光子带的简并度降低而设计存在光子带隙的光子晶体的方法。

Our group have done considerable experimental and theoretical investigations on multi-photon interference and distinguishability characterizations.

多光子干涉实验和理论的研究光子的干涉来源于不可区分性，多光子间的可区分性相比双光子间的可区分性要复杂得多。

But just changing the understanding about nature, we can know photon as the elementary particle of matter.

物质世界：按照爱因斯坦对光子的理解，以及量子力学对光子的研究，光子不可能是现代物质模型下的基本粒子，如果光子是物质的基本粒子，任何物体在相对静止的情况下都没有质量，物质没有静止质量的意义太可怕了，我们摸不到物体，看不见对方，不能利用任何物质，这是我们现实生活中不可能存在的物理模型。

Results of XRD,SEM,and UV-Vis indicated that ZnS nanocrystals can grow in and fill in the void of opal template,and SiO2 microspheres of templates are dissolved so as to form some three dimensional ordered porous structure and to form the inverse opal ZnS photonic crystals. Compared with opal templates,ZnS-opal and inverse opal ZnS photonic crystals assembled with SiO2 spheres in the same diameter show good optical properties and exhibited photonic band gap. The photonic band gap position of inverse opal ZnS moves towards UV area compared with opal and ZnS-opal.

结果表明：溶剂热法多次充填可使ZnS纳米晶在模板密堆积形成的空隙中均匀成核；经过酸处理的ZnS-opal中SiO2微球溶解、坍塌，形成蜂窝状三维有序介孔和反opal结构ZnS基光子晶体；相同粒径SiO2微球组装的opal模板、ZnS-opal以及反opal结构ZnS光子晶体均表现出光子带隙特性，但反opal结构ZnS光子晶体带隙位置相比前两者发生了蓝移。

The two-photon absorption cross-sections of these styryl derivatives were determined by Z-scan technique, and the benzothiazolium derivatives exhibited the largest TPA cross-sections (10〓s·cm〓/photon) and the best power limiting ability at high operable incident intensity. The results show that the benzothiazolium derivatives are promising organic compounds as two-photon absorption optical limiting materials. 2. Several organic dyes active to 800nm femtosecond laser with D-π-A structure were designed and synthesized.

研究了它们的上转换荧光、上转换激射和光限幅行为，通过改变染料分子共轭体系的大小，首次实现了在576nm-635nm范围内的双光子上转换激光波长的调节，其中噻唑啉碘盐类二苯乙烯化合物的双光子上转换激射峰（576nm）是迄今在1064nm皮秒激光作用下能够得到的最短波长的激光；阴离子显著改变上转换激射效率，但对上转换荧光峰和激射峰的位置影响很小；增加溶液的浓度，上转换荧光光谱和激射光谱红移，并在一定的浓度范围内，能够有效的提高上转换激射效率；利用Z-扫描技术测定了染料分子的双光子吸收截面，发现苯并噻唑类染料分子的双光子吸收截面高达10〓s·cm〓／photon，而且在较大的入射光强范围内，这类染料分子具有较大的光限幅能力，是一类作为双光子吸收光限幅材料很有潜力的染料分子。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。