光子

Atom, molecule or radical can be excited to a specific intermediate state by absorbing m laser photons, then the parent ion can be produced by absorption of another n laser photons. The ion yield can be increased drastically due to resonant absorption, comparing with the ion yield in non-resonant absorption. This multiphoton process is usully called Resonance Enhanced Multiphoton Ionization. REMPI technique plays an important role in detecting the high electronic excited states of atoms, molecules and radicals.

原子、分子、离子或自由基在同时吸收m个光子从下态共振跃迁到中间态后再吸收n个光子使其电离的过程中，下态和中间态的多光子共振吸收使得产生的离子信号强度比相应的非共振多光子电离得到的离子信号强度有很大的增强，该过程称为共振增强多光子电离REMPI。

Mechanism of carbon combustion reaction is deduced based on the flame temperature produced by coke burning in bloomery abdomen.

本文根据炼铁高炉炉腹内焦炭燃烧产生的火焰温度推测碳燃烧反应的机理为：第一步，氧气吸收光子形成游离态氧原子，每摩尔氧气吸收 1mol光子；第二步，碳与游离态氧原子作用生成CO ，每生成 1molCO发出 1mol光子；第三步，CO与氧分子作用生成CO2 ，该步骤既不吸收光子，也不发出光子。

Using finite difference time domain method, the electromagnetic field distribution of THz wave is simulated in a THz 2D PC splitter and by plane wave expansion method the dispersion relation and defect modes are achieved in a THz rotated PC waveguide.5. A woodpile three-dimensional (3D) PC with face-centered-tetragonal symmetry is one of the most popular 3D PCs because of its favorable band gap characteristics. Based on the woodpile fct lattice structure, we propose a novel woodpile THz lattice structure with comparatively decreased symmetry, better band gap properties and easy fabrication by varying some structure parameters.

计算结果为利用非线性光学差频方法产生THz辐射源的实验研究提供了深入和全面的理论基础；四、利用平面波展开法，通过改变二维THz光子晶体的结构参数，对二维THz光子晶体完全带隙进行了优化，分析出两种适合工作在THz波段的二维光子晶体结构；采用时域有限差分法和平面波展开法，计算出THz波在二维光子晶体"T"型分束波导，45度旋转波导中传输的电磁场分布以及缺陷模；五、Woodpile面心立方四角结构是三维光子晶体中被研究最广泛的结构之一。

They can be classificated to two kinds. One kind is build by photomultiplier; another kind is build by MCP. The mechanism of delayed luminescence is discussed with subradiation. A photon count system is built. To proof the biophoton is a kind of ultra weak photon stream originate from exothermic reaction, and primarily discuss the relationship between the delayed luminescence and proteins activity, we chose microphyllous banyan leave , ficus elastica leave, gingkgo leave, Chinese fan palm leave, and cinnamomum camphora leave as biological samples. The ultra weak photon emission from normal biosamples, and proteins inactivated biosample were measured separately with photon count system. The results showed that the delayed luminescence of biosamples have

在研究过程中，作者从辐射陷获的角度讨论了延迟发光的产生机制，对生物光子的生物化学起源与相干场起源的统一性进行了探索；自行搭建了单光子探测系统；测量了小叶榕树、印度橡树，银杏树，蒲葵树香和樟树等多种植物叶片样品的延迟发光，获得了大量实验数据；为了证明生物光子是一种起源于放热化学反应能量释放的微弱光子流，并初步探讨生物蛋白活性与延迟发光衰减之间的关系，测量了正常生物样品、生物蛋白灭活样品的延迟发光，同时测量了多种不含蛋白质的无机化学体系作为比对，实验结果和实验数据的回归分析表明：弱光子发射来源于放热的化学反应，延迟发光的强度与衰减时间与生物蛋白活性密切相关。

A modularized program of plane wave methodis designed to calculate two-dimensional photonic band structures.

并编制了计算二维光子晶体光子带结构的平面波法的模块化计算机程序；研究了方形、三角形复式晶格的光子带结构，发现了三类存在绝对光子带隙的电介质圆柱在空气中排列的光子晶体晶格结构。

This text proceeded completely type the ratio distincts about the characteristic of photon and phnon, the mechanism of the creation of them, interaction regulation photon between electronics inside crystal and these of between phnon and photon , clarified the close contact of photon and phnon by using the interation regulation of photon and phnon incide crystal also.

对光子和声子的特点、光子和声子产生的机制、晶体中光子和电子相互作用规律及声子与电子相互作用规律，进行了全面的类比区别。并且利用晶体中光子和声子相互作用的规律，阐明了光子和声子的联系

Holographic lithography method is one of them, which means that fabrication of 1D, 2D and 3D periodical microstructures by interference of two beams, three or four noncoplanar beams, multiple mutually coherent laser beams are made to intersect and interfere, producing period patterns of light and dark areas repeated on a scale proportional to the wavelength of the beams used.

全息光子晶体的实验制备及缺陷引入在光子晶体的实验制备中我们主要研究两个方面，一是激光全息干涉法一步成型制备大规模无缺陷的光子晶体，二是用单光子和双光子聚合相结合的办法，在光子晶体中引入缺陷。

The results show that the heterostructure photonic crystal can extend remarkably the photonic bandgap compared with the periodic structure;a defect is inserted into the heterostructure photonic crystal,the nontransmission band is wider than that of the symmetric structure without heterostructures,(1H1L)_m(1H)_n(1L1H)_m.

结果表明，与周期结构相比异质结构光子晶体可以显著地拓宽光子晶体的光子带隙；在该文提出的结构中引入缺陷，与(1H1L)m(1H)n(1L1H)m光子晶体相比，产生缺陷模式光子带隙范围明显拓宽，适当调整缺陷层的数目、位置和厚度可得到多通道滤波；并研究了实际操作中随机误差带来的影响，随无序度的增大，其带宽基本不变。

On the other hand particle identification is provided during offline analysis by algorithms that examine the electromagnetic shower shape in PHOS to discriminate electromagnetic particles against hadrons.

ALICE的光子谱仪PHOS用于研究高能光子，PHOS的作用是：一，区分光子和其他粒子；二，区分直接光子和中性介子衰变产生的光子。

That means everything we picked up is the result that we release photons to the environment or draw on photons from it continuously. Because a group of photons are taking in the information of environment, so we may say it's not only photons that the object absorbed from environment, but photons information. After absorbing photons, the object reissues photons carrying its own information to be absorbed by others and perceived one's being.

就是说我们看到的所有物质，都是自己不断与环境作用光子，不断地从环境中吸收光子，由于这一群光子携带有环境的信息，我们说物质从环境中吸收到的不仅仅是光子，而是光子信息；物质吸收之后，再发出携带有自己的光子信息，供其它物质吸收感知我的存在。

I can not make it blossom and suits me

我不能让树为我开花

When temperatures are above approximately 80 °C discolouration of the raceways or rolling elements is a frequent feature.

当温度高于 80 °C 左右时，滚道或滚动元件褪色是很常见的特征。