光和热的

Tantalum is an ideal material for hot cathode. It has a low electronic work function, high melting-point, low evaporativity, and good mechanical, high-temperature, chemical properties. Especially in a PCVD ambient for diamond film deposition, its surface is transformed into tantalum carbide which has a much higher melting-point, lower evaporativity and better properties of electron emission.

钽是一种理想的热阴极材料，它具有电子逸出功低、熔点高、蒸发率小、良好的机械性能、高温性能、化学稳定性等优异特点，尤其是在辉光放电PCVD制备金刚石膜的特殊气氛中形成的碳化钽表面层，具有比钽更高的熔点、更低的蒸发率和更好的热电子发射特性。

The major research includes the following three points. First, using finite element method, the influence factors on propagation properties for PMF couplers are analyzed, including the shape of coupler cross-section, the taper of coupler bipyramidal and the angle deviation of the birefringent axes.

基于热-结构-电磁多物理场耦合有限元方法，分析了保偏光纤耦合器的传输特性和耦合系数在熔锥区的变化规律，从而求解耦合模方程，得到偏振光经过耦合器后的光功率分布，继而对保偏光纤耦合器的性能参数分光比、消光比及附加损耗进行理论分析。

Furthermore, the light and heat stability of carminic acid was studied, and the results showed that carminic acid was stable under the darkness and the scattered rays of indoor, but it was unstable in the sunshine and the incandescent lamp, its aqueous solution was stable even at lower than 90

此外，对胭脂红酸的热、光稳定性进行研究的结果表明：胭脂红酸在遮光和室内散射光的情况下是稳定的，在白炽灯下不稳定，在阳光下极不稳定；在90℃以下胭脂红酸溶液是稳定的。

The pigment of Berberis heteropoda Schrenk is a type of anchocyanin and it is strong in resistance against light and to some extent, good in enduring heat and low consistence oxide. But it is poor in resistance against reductant and preservative. It can be applied to the condition of PH. It is also found that sucrose and most of metal ions do not exert negative effects on the stability of the pigment, except Fe3+, Fe2+and low consistence Pb2+, which have some extent effects. Adding stability matter can improve its stability. The harm trace elements contains are within requirement of the National Standard on food safety, As the lexicological study indicates that the pigment does not have any toxicity and mutagenesis, it can be used as edible pigment.

结果表明：大孔树脂吸附-解吸附法纯化黑果小檗色素实验室工艺简单易行，色素回收率高；黑果小檗色素属于花色苷类色素；耐光性好；对热有一定耐受性；对低浓度氧化剂有一定耐受性；耐还原性差；对防腐剂耐性差；适用PH＜6条件下使用；蔗糖和大多数金属离子对色素无不良影响，但Fe~(3+)、Fe~(2+)、Sn~(2+)和低浓度pb~(2+)对色素有影响，加入稳定剂后，可提高色素的耐热性、耐氧化性、耐防腐剂能力；经对有害微量元素进行检测和毒理试验表明，该色素安全无毒，可以作为天然食用色素使用。

Results showed the hygrothermal ageing of the composites lied in the combination of hydrolysis and damage of the interface.

其老化因素由物理因素和化学因素构成：前者主要包括热、光、电、高能辐射和机械应力等，后者则包括氧化作用和化学介质如水、酸、碱的作用。

The basic conceptions, including adiabatic ionization energy, vertical ionization energy, superexcited states, photoionization cross section, Rydberg state of atomic and molecular, dissociation and predissociation are discussed in detail.

着重讨论了同步辐射真空紫外光在原子分子研究领域中的应用，详细讨论了光与物质相互作用的一些基本概念，包括绝热电离能、垂直电离能、超激发态、光电离截面、原子分子的Rydberg态及离解和预离解的定义及相关的背景知识。

Research result indicated that the cooperative effect between swell and precursor is main factor for the nanoparticle loaded in Nafion, and moreover, polarity of solvent and water content in Nafion also affects the load largely. To improve away the surface concentration of CdS nanocrystal on two side of membrane for general preparation, thioacetamide was first used as a precursor instead of inorganic sulfur source(H2S and Na2S) in synthesis of CdS nanocrystal. The assembly mechanism for several sulfur source had been studied, and CdS/Nafion with the character of homogeneous disperse had been prepared, which is fit for mass transmission in photocatalitic reaction. Following the investigation of several crystallizing way, simple and reliable hydrothermal-crystallizing was found. According to this way, maximal TiO2 load in Nafion achieved 43%. Activity of TiO2/Nafion or CdS/Nafion as a photocatalyst was explored initially for disintegrating liquid contamination. Maximal decompose rate achieved 86% under condition of this research.

研究结果表明：Nafion膜对纳米粒子负载量的主要影响因素是溶胀作用与前驱体协同效应，同时溶剂极性和薄膜含水量对负载量也影响相当大；本课题首次使用硫代乙酰胺代替传统无机硫源（H2S、Na2S）合成CdS纳晶，研究了各种硫源的组装机理，克服了常规技术存在的CdS纳晶趋于膜表面富集的缺点，得到了有利于光催化传质需要的体相均匀分布CdS/Nafion；研究了多种Nafion膜内纳米粒子晶化途径，找到了简单可靠的水热晶化法，TiO2纳晶最高负载量达43％；初步探索了TiO2/Nafion、CdS/Nafion作为光催化剂降解水中模拟污染物的活性，在本实验条件下最高降解率达86％。

When using a full core collected at boring, the uncertainty of estimation to equivalent dose at OSL dating is affected by some factors, such as mixture occurring in soft soil and sand, contamination due to mud penetrating into sample, the possible influence of heat from pressure and attrition on luminescence signals.

采用回转钻进取全心的方法，对光释光测年带来的不确定性影响因素主要有：扰动导致软弱土层、砂层的混染；泥浆渗入对样品的污染；挤压和摩擦生热对释光信号的可能影响等。

CeO2 doped ZnO nanowires were synthesized by thermal evaporation, then prepared as the heater type gas sensors. Under violet ray radiation (wave length: 370~395 nm), the gas sensitivity of CeO2 doped ZnO nanowires has been measured using static state distribution.

以物理热蒸发法制备的CeO2掺杂ZnO纳米线为气敏基料，制作成旁热式气敏元件，采用紫光（波长（为3702~395nm）激发，用静态配气法对浓度均为1×10^(-2)%的甲烷和一氧化碳进行了气敏性能的测试。

Its Nonlinearity holds at 160 degree C, it is one of the materials that have the best thermal stability. 3. polarization inversion films that consist of melamine formaldehyde resin and polymer/silica hybrid material were fabricated, a simulation model for calculating frequency doubling from multi-layer waveguides was established.

是迄今为止所发现的热稳定性最好的光学基质材料之一。3、利用密胺材料和聚合物/氧化硅复合材料最佳极化温度的差异，制备出重复性好、有较好热稳定性的极性翻转薄膜，并建立了多层波导结构光倍频计算模型。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。