光和热的

With the electrical connections at the top and bottom side of the wafer-level IC packaging Lead-frame structure and composition of the surface-mount semiconductor package structure Multi-layer printed circuit board Antifuse and its formation method and with the anti-fuse non-volatile memory device unit cell Tandem electric signal processing circuit and electronic device Light-emitting diode packaging structure and encapsulation method Electronic Packaging Structure Flip-chip high-speed optoelectronic components and structure Pairs of piezoelectric friction side by side to promote the three-step device and scanning probe microscope Light-emitting diode and its manufacturing method, the production base of light-emitting diode method Three or four parallel advance of stepping piezoelectric device and scanning probe microscope lens body Silicon substrate and its manufacturing method Semiconductor device and voltage-divider A polysilicon layer and the microcrystalline silicon layer of the double-substrate active layer structure, methods and devices The edge of the thickness of silicon controlled Of a lateral semiconductor devices and high-voltage devices With a vertical-channel transistors semiconductor device Of a memory array and for the manufacture of a memory array method Read-only memory cell array structure Active-matrix substrate and display device High-voltage semiconductor integrated circuit devices, dielectric isolated type semiconductor device Image sensing devices Lens module and its manufacturing methods Solid-state imaging device and camera Injection angle for the trench isolation Organic Light-Emitting Display Device Organic light-emitting display device Bipolar transistor structure of the surface passivation Double-triggered silicon-controlled rectifier HFET Metal-oxide semiconductor transistors Self-aligned trench accumulation mode field effect transistor structure Thin-film transistors and Display Devices TFT Lead Diode Low-frequency, low noise, low-flashing diode Used for thin-film solar cells trap light structure Transparent sun solar cells Quaternary semiconductor heterojunction photovoltaic cells heat Si nano-pillar array heterojunction thin-film solar cells GaN-based micro-composite solar cells isotope Optical sensor Semiconductor by optical components Imaging Detector Transparent conductive oxide coating Silicon-based high-performance dual-junction solar cells Thin-film solar cells Alien LED Devices

非专业，不在行，求高手帮忙。谢谢！具有顶部及底部侧电连接的晶片级集成电路封装导线架结构及其构成的表面黏着型半导体封装结构多层印刷电路板反熔丝及其形成方法和具有该反熔丝的非易失性存储器件的单位单元串联用电式信号处理电路及电子装置发光二极管的封装结构及其封装方法电子封装结构高速光电组件及其芯片倒装结构双压电体并排推动的三摩擦力步进器与扫描探针显微镜发光二极管及其制作方法、发光二极管的底座的制作方法三或四压电体并行推进的步进器及其扫描探针显微镜镜体硅衬底及其制造方法半导体装置与分压电路具多晶硅层及微晶硅层的双底材主动层结构、方法及装置硅晶片的受控边缘厚度一种半导体横向器件和高压器件具有垂直沟道晶体管的半导体器件一种记忆体阵列及其用于制造一记忆体阵列的方法只读内存单元阵列结构有源矩阵基板和显示装置高耐压半导体集成电路装置、电介质分离型半导体装置图像感测装置透镜模块及其制造方法固态成像装置和照相机用于沟道隔离的斜角注入有机电致发光显示装置有机发光显示装置双极晶体管的表面钝化结构双触发型可控硅整流器异质结场效应晶体管金属氧化物半导体晶体管自对准沟槽累加模式场效应晶体管结构薄膜晶体管及显示器件薄膜晶体管无铅二极管低频、低噪音、低闪烁的二极管用于薄膜太阳电池的陷光结构透明遮阳太阳能电池片四元半导体的异质结热光伏电池硅基纳米柱阵列异质结薄膜太阳能电池氮化镓太阳能同位素复合型微电池光学传感器半导体受光元件成像探测器透明导电氧化物涂层硅基高效双结太阳能电池薄膜太阳能电池异形LED器件

Analyzes the performane of plane concave resonators with internal thermal lenses and gives out stability and unstability regions in terms of dioptric. Based on the stable and unstable resonators′ characteristics,a detailed analysis for output power of cw plane concave Nd:YAG laser is presented.

光泵Nd：YAG激光器的热效应会在YAG棒中引起轴向热伸长和径向折射率梯度，从而产生激光介质的热透镜效应，有关内含热透镜的谐振腔的研究已有许多报道［1～2］，但基本上都是研究谐振腔的热稳性，对输出功率特性的研究报道很少。

Large current glow discharge has a strong tendency to transform to arc discharge. This paper focuses our attention on the factors affecting the stability of large current hot cathode glow discharge. The research results show that the cathode temperature, the cathode surface state and the size and place disposition between cathode and anode have influences on the stability of glow discharge, respectively.

大电流辉光放电具有较强的向弧光放电转化趋势，本文研究了影响大电流热阴极辉光放电稳定工作的因素，结果表明，阴极温度、表面形貌、阴阳极位置和尺寸配置关系等对辉光放电的稳定性均有不同程度的影响。

Generally, the main point of this thesis rests with exploring novel hydrothermal methods to synthesize functional stannate composite oxides nano-materials, and studying the formation and morphology controlled mechanism of the composite oxides nano-materials under hydrothermal conditions. The main research achievements are summed up as follows:(1)According to the testing needs of photocatalytic hydrogen-generation, we have designed and set up a suit of photocatalytic H2-generation equipments with external light irradiation.

本文正是在这一背景条件下，重点研究以水热法合成锡酸盐纳米光催化材料，并对合成出的样品进行了细致的表征分析，初步研究纳米材料的光催化活性，探索纳米催化剂的颗粒尺寸、形貌和晶体结构对催化性能的影响规律，其内容主要包括以下几个方面：(1)根据光催化制氢的需要，设计并组建了一套外置光源照射的光催化制氢装置。

The molar extinction coefficient, maximum absorption wavelength, reaction rate constants of trans-cis photochemical isomerization, thermal back-isomerization and photochemical back-isomerization and equilibrium constant of photochemical back-isomerization reaction of a novel photochromic liquid crystalline dendrimer G1 of the first generation containing nitroazophenyl groups on its periphery and small molecular azophenyl moiety M1 in solution were described.

张其震*1，盛昕1，李爱香1，王艳2摘要：研究了树外围含12个硝基偶氮苯基元新型一代碳硅烷光致变色液晶树枝状大分子G1和基元小分子M1在溶液中的最大吸收波长、摩尔消光系数、反-顺光化学异构化反应速率常数、热回复异构化反应速率常数、光化学回复异构化反应平衡常数及速率常数。

A formula was derived and given to calculate the Shupe effect in the quadrupolar winding including the effects of the midpoint deviation and the fiber diameter. This formula, compared with that considering only the ideal situation, can not only be used to account the thermally induced nonreciprocal phase shift under different midpoint deviations and fiber diameters, but also indicate the effects of the fiber coil's structure when there exist nonideal factors.

本文分析了中点偏差、光纤直径尺寸对四极性绕法中相向传输光对称性的破坏，推导给出了包括中点偏差和光纤直径尺寸影响的四极性绕法热致非互易相移的计算公式，该公式相对于只考虑理想情况的计算公式，不仅能计算不同中点偏差和光纤直径情况下的热致非互易相移，而且揭示了存在非理想因素时，光纤环结构对热致非互易性的影响。

Energy is stored inside the algal cell in the forms of lipids and carbohydrates, and can be converted into fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol. ENN screens fastest-growing、high-lipid content algae with high-throughput screen and genetic engineering technologies; ENN enhances light utilization efficiency and CO2 absorption efficiency with mass-cultivation and low-cost photobioreactor technologies; ENN industrializes micao algae bioenergy with waste water and heat reuse technologies.

采用高通量筛选和基因工程改造，获取生长速度快、油脂含量高、适合工业生产的优良藻种；采用高密度立体养殖技术和高效低成本光生物反应器技术，提高光利用效率及二氧化碳吸收效率；采用含氮、磷较高的工业废水回用技术和工业废热利用技术，提高养殖效率，降低养殖成本，实现微藻生物能源的产业化。

The invention discloses an optical-fiber all-optical code converter, comprising a temperature control circuit as well as optical-fiber Mach-Zed interferometer, heat sink, semiconductor refrigerator, thermosensitive resistor and radiator, where the interferometer is composed of two cascaded 3dB couplers on the heat sink, the relation between length difference delta L of two arms of the interferometer and generated delay time difference delta T is that delta L=c.delta T/n, where c is light velocity in vacuum and n is refractive index of optical fiber; the thermosensitive resistor is used to detect temperature of interferometer, the temperature control circuit is used to compare feedback voltage of the thermosenstive resistor with a given voltage to regulate working current of the semiconductor refrigerator, and the semiconductor refrigerator refrigerates or heat two arms of the interferometer by the heat sink.

本发明公开了一种光纤型全光码型转换器，它包括温控电路和位于密封盒内的光纤型马赫-泽德干涉仪、导热热沉、半导体制冷器、热敏电阻以及散热片；干涉仪由位于导热热沉上的二个3dB耦合器级联而成，两臂的长度差ΔL与产生的延时差ΔT之间的关系为ΔL＝c。ΔT/n，c为真空中光速，n为光纤折射率；热敏电阻用于对干涉仪的温度进行探测，温控电路用于比较热敏电阻反馈的探测电压和设定电压，对半导体制冷器的工作电流进行调节，半导体制冷器通过导热热沉对干涉仪两臂同时进行制冷或加热。

Transition metal borides and inorganic boron-containing compounds, such as TiB〓, BN, B〓C and BP, are one of the most important groups for application in high-temperature performance, electronics and catalysts. Traditionally, they were prepared by high-temperature reactions; however, the products were beyond nanometer scale.

中文题名溶剂热合成硼化物及非金属含硼化合物纳米材料副题名外文题名论文作者谷云乐导师钱逸泰学科专业无机化学研究领域\研究方向学位级别博士学位授予单位中国科学技术大学学位授予日期2003 论文页码总数70页关键词纳米材料硼化物溶剂热合成馆藏号BSLW /2003 /O613 /6 硼化物、非金属含硼化合物功能材料（如硼化钛、氮化硼、碳化硼和磷化硼等）通常具有高硬度、高熔点、机械强度大、高温化学稳定性好等一系列优良性能，有些还具有奇异的光、电、磁、热学性能和催化活性，是一类最富潜力的非氧化物高温结构材料、电子材料和催化材料。

The diamond film deposition experiments with hot cathode glow discharge PCVD shows that the cathode temperature has no apparent influence on deposition rate and film quality. With the increase of gas pressure, the gas density, electron temperature, gas dissociation rate in the plasma region change differently.

在热阴极辉光放电PCVD沉积金刚石膜中，适当的阴极温度是保证大电流、高气压辉光放电稳定工作的必要条件，它影响着辉光放电阴极位降区的放电性质，但对金刚石膜的沉积速率和膜品质基本没有影响。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。