光和热的

It is presumable that originally their light was merged in that of the earth's own outer covering of light, and that as her luminous envelope disappeared they became visible, and she came to depend on them for both light and heat.

这是presumable最初合并了它们的光线在这地球的自己的外壳的光，而且因为她的明亮的信封消失了，他们成为看得见，她来到取决於他们对光和热。

A prediction model has been proposed to deal with threshold voltage shift as a function of 1MeV neutron flux and gate oxide thickness, and to deal with room-temperature annealing of threshold voltage shift induced-by 〓Coγ as a function of electric field and gate oxide thickness. The commonness and individuality of MOS device degradation between hot-carrier effect and ionizing radiation were investigated. The dependence of substrate current, gate current and threshold voltage shift due to hot-carrier on gate oxide thickness were simulated with MEDICI-2D simulator. The photocurrents of PN junction and bipolar transistor were studied. Their transient responses on varied bias voltages, pulse durations and absorbed doses were simulated. The influences of NPN base width on base and collector photocurrents were investigated. We also studied 1MeV neutron displacement damage in PN junction, and calculated reverse current leakage under the neutron flux of 2. 67×10〓 per square centimeter. 3 The study of nondestructive screening method for MOS radiation tolerance A theoretical and experimental study of nondestructive screening methods for radiation tolerance of nMOS and pMOS were firstly fulfilled. We determined the informative parameters pertinent to the method and proposed how to deal with experimental data and verify obtained results statistically, as well as make the required steps for nondestructive screening. Based on the experimental data of 180 samples of discrete pMOS devices, the relation between sample quantity and correlation coefficient, screening equation, and other significant results were obtained from the threshold voltage shifts of pre-and post-irradiation samples.

二、分立器件电离和位移辐射损伤响应研究在国内首次开展了电离辐射引起的氧化层阈值电压漂移和退火理论研究，编程计算了1MeV中子引起的MOS器件阈值电压漂移与中子通量及栅氧厚度的关系，计算了〓Coγ光子引起的阈值电压漂移及退火的时效曲线与纵向电场和栅氧厚度的关系等，对评估MOS型集成电路电离损伤和加固方法研究，以及论文中开展的MOSFETs无损筛选方法研究奠定了基础；分析了MOS器件热载流子损伤效应与辐射电离损伤效应之间的异同性，利用二维模拟软件MEDICI-2D模拟了衬底电流和栅电流，在不同栅氧厚度下随栅压的变化曲线，计算了热载流子效应造成的阈值电压漂移，研究结果对当前存在的以热载流子效应研究取代电离辐射损伤实验研究的设想，具有重要的参考价值；开展了PN结和双极晶体管电离光电流研究，计算了不同偏压、不同辐射脉宽和不同吸收剂量下PN结光电流的瞬时响应，计算了不同辐射脉宽下NPN晶体管基极电流和收集极电流的瞬时响应，以及基区宽度对NPN晶体管光电流的影响，研究结果对双极器件抗电离辐射损伤响应及加固方法研究具有重要意义；在国内首次开展了器件位移损伤的理论研究，分析了辐射产生的缺陷对电性能的影响，计算了注量为2.67×10〓cm〓的1MeV中子产生的缺陷对PN结反向电流的影响。

Nowadays with the booming development of microelectronic technique, the functions of the components of machinery, electricity, magnetism, optics, acoustics and thermotics have been improved rapidly. And the micromation of components, the integration of electronic equipments, the worse working environment, the increasing requirement and EMI, all of these make the structural design of electronic equipments more and more important.

在微电子学高度发展的今天，促使机、电、磁、光、声和热等元器件功能飞速提高，随着元器件微型化，电子设备趋向集成化，再加上一些日趋恶劣的工作环境，各种使用要求的提高，空间电磁环境的干扰，以及由于装填密度高，产生的内在干扰等，使得电子设备的结构设计变得越来越重要。

Bis(3,4-dicarboxy-phenyl) hexafluropropane dianhydride (6FDA)/pyromellitic dianhydride and m-phenylene diamine, and then a post-azo-coupling reaction of p-Nitrophenyldiazonium fluoborate toward the arylamine ring of PAAs.

首次对侧链型PI极化膜的热光性能展开研究，探讨化学结构和聚集态结构对其热光系数及其偏振依赖性的影响规律，寻求控制和优化热光性能的方法。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

This paper presents the high-resolution sequence of vegetation change of the last inter-glacial period in Xishan Mountain,Beijing by pollen analysis and thermoluminescent dating technology with reconstruction of the palaeo-vegetation and palaeo-environment of this region.

末次冰期—间冰期气候旋回研究是过去的全球变化研究的三大重点之一，通过孢粉分析和热释光断代建立了北京西山末次间冰期植被的演化序列，研究了该地区古植被与古环境的演化规律。

Common transparent quartz tube SiO2 more than 99.9% purity, geometry, chemical stability, thermal stability, resistance to thermal denaturation and anti-crystallization properties of the fine, optical transmittance above 93%; from hydroxyl in hydroxyl tube below 10ppm, after vacuum from hydroxyl, hydroxy-up to 5ppm below apply to high-pressure mercury lamp, sodium lamp, metal halide lamp, such as low-hydroxy products; white pipe, used mainly for heating tube, heating tube, far infrared control the manufacture, milky quartz pearl quartz tube possession of new technology, the management side as if the surface of pearls, all aspects of performance than ordinary white tube better; filter tube to filter out ultraviolet UV band in the harmful wavelengths of 190-320nm ultraviolet light source applied to environmental protection manufacturing; no ozone UV filter tube and pipe the contrary, through the ultraviolet wavelength around 253.7nm, there is no ozone UV lamp main material, widely used in medical equipment, water treatment, food hygiene, such as sterilization; quartz casing diameter 8-120mm in between, has a single opening, double opening round, flat-top shape and widen the mouth of necking, flanging, sanding and other processing, high temperature resistance, corrosion resistance, good light transmission and moisture-proof, explosion-proof characteristics such as widely used in aquarium thermostat, disinfection equipment, heating pipes, water treatment, metal halide lamp, such as product manufacturing and environmental protection, health, chemical and other fields; quartz Clamshell specifications 8-180mm, the shape according to the customer requirements, the bubble shell can take capillary has to carry out the exhaust, high temperature, light transmission is good, mainly for JC, JD, H1-H7, the stage lights and high-pressure mercury lamp, sodium lamp, metal halide lamp, such as product manufacturing; quartz water jacket mainly used in printing and packaging processing industry ---- UV light-curing, UV light curing is a very reliable and can be used to replace hot air dryers and other drying technique of curing technology, which in the printing and packaging of the processing industry has been widely.

普通透明石英管SiO2纯度达99.9%以上，几何尺寸、化学稳定性、热稳定性、抗热变性和抗析晶性能优良，光学透过率达93%以上；脱羟管羟基在10ppm以下，经过真空脱羟，羟基可达5ppm以下，适用于高压汞灯、钠灯、金卤灯等低羟基产品；乳白管，主要用于发热管、加热管、远红外管的制造，珠光石英管乳白石英管之新工艺，管面好象珍珠的表面，各方面性能比普通乳白管更优；滤紫外线管能够滤除紫外光谱波段中对人体有害的190-320nm波长的紫外线，适用于环保光源的制造；无臭氧管与滤紫外线管相反，可透过253.7nm左右波长的紫外线，是无臭氧紫外线杀菌灯的主要材料，广泛用于医疗器械、水处理、食品卫生等杀菌；石英套管直径范围在8-120mm之间，有单开口、双开口、圆头、平头等外形和扩口、缩口、翻边、磨砂等加工，具有耐高温、耐腐蚀、透光性好及防潮、防爆等特点，广泛使用于水族恒温器、消毒设备、加热管、水处理、金卤灯等产品的制造和环保、卫生、化工等领域；石英泡壳规格Φ8-180mm，形状根据客户要求，泡壳上可以接有毛细管，可进行排气，耐高温，透光性好，主要用于JC、JD、H1-H7、舞台灯和高压汞灯、钠灯、金卤灯等产品的制造；石英水套主要用于印刷和包装加工工业---- UV光固化， UV光固化是一种十分可靠的、可取代热空气干燥机和其他干燥技术的固化技术，它在印刷和包装加工工业已经得到广泛应用。

In this paper a theoretical discussion of the optical design and the thermal performance of receiver pipe of the hibrid type concentrating collector was given. This collector consists of Fresnel reflector and heliostats.

本文着重从理论上讨论由菲涅耳反射镜和平面镜组成的混合式聚光集热器系统的光学设计及其集热管的热力学计算。

He said his work means to unite a world of opposites - male-female, darkness-light, hot-cold, heaven-Earth, water and dust.

他说，他的工作手段，团结世界的对立统一-男女，黑暗的光，热，冷，天上地球，水和灰尘。

In this paper, different methods of preparation about magnetorheological fluids are introduced, including mechanical crushing, wet chemical depositing, anion exchange, pyrolyzing; some main applications of magnet...

介绍了制备磁性流体的几种不同的方法：机械粉碎法、湿式化学共沉法、阴离子交换树脂法和热分解法；介绍了磁流变技术在密封、阻尼器、抛光装置等工程上的一些主要应用，并展望了磁流变技术在建筑、航天等领域的应用前景。

We have no common name for a mime of Sophron or Xenarchus and a Socratic Conversation; and we should still be without one even if the imitation in the two instances were in trimeters or elegiacs or some other kind of verse--though it is the way with people to tack on 'poet' to the name of a metre, and talk of elegiac-poets and epic-poets, thinking that they call them poets not by reason of the imitative nature of their work, but indiscriminately by reason of the metre they write in.

索夫农 、森那库斯和苏格拉底式的对话采用的模仿没有一个公共的名称；三音步诗、挽歌体或其他类型的诗的模仿也没有——人们把&诗人&这一名词和格律名称结合到一起，称之为挽歌体诗人或者史诗诗人，他们被称为诗人，似乎只是因为遵守格律写作，而非他们作品的模仿本质。

The relationship between communicative competence and grammar teaching should be that of the ends and the means.

交际能力和语法的关系应该是目标与途径的关系。