光

However, survivable technology in all transport network is different from SDH because the former han...

然而由 于全光传送网处理的是光信号，以具有模拟特征的波长为单位，使得全光传送网的生存性技术与比较成熟的 SDH 生存性技术相比，有了许多新的特点，有许多问题期待解决。

Experiments showed that the photocatalytic reduction of inorganic oxidizing species and the photocatalytic oxidation of the organic compounds are synergically. This indicates that the COD value is proportional to the amount of the photocatalytic reduction of inorganic oxide.

实践表明，无机氧化物光催化还原和有机物的光催化氧化是协同进行的，因此我们可以由光催化还原无机氧化物量的变化来定量计算水样中的COD值。

A Photolysis of 5＇-deoxyadenosylcobalamin in neutral aqueous solution and methylcobalamin in neutral and acid aqueous solution has been investigated using pulsed, time-resolved photoacoustic calorimetry in the temperature range of 10-30℃. The resultant enthalpy changes, namely CoC bond dissociation energies for the above cobalamins, 129±17, 163±21 and 176±23kJ/mol, respectively, are consistent with the values obtained by thermolytic kinetic method.

运用光声量热法研究10～30°C温度范围内辅酶〓在中性水溶液中和甲基钴胺素在酸性和中性水溶液中的光解反应，测定了其光解反应的焓变，即Co—C键离解能分别为129±17，163±21和176±23 kJ／mol，这些值和文献中用热分解动力学方法测得的值一致。

For the study of radiographic knee OA, 2519 knees were evaluated in 1617 participants who did not have radiographic tibiofemoral OA at baseline, and 3392 knees were assessed for combined radiographic OA and symptomatic OA in 2078 participants without this combination of findings at baseline.

有关X光显示膝关节炎的研究，评估了1，617名参与者的2，519个膝盖，这些人在开始时，X光显示并没有胫骨-股骨关节炎，另外有2，078名病患的3，392个膝盖被评估合并X光显示的关节炎以及有症状的关节炎，开始时也没有胫骨-股骨关节炎。

The optical system adopts special design and you can change the light filter simply, then the instrument can be used in other element"s analysis besides Cobalt. The design of instrument"s appearance adopts trapeziform framework, which looks beauty and is convenient in using.The instrument cannot only be used in on-line analysis but also be used in off-line analysis.

接着介绍了光路部分，其光路部分的独特设计可以通过简单的更换滤光片而将该仪器用于钴以外的其它元素的分析，最后在仪器的外观设计上提出梯形结构，将该仪器的四个部分结合为一个整体，具有美观实用、方便操作的特点。

Look downward on that Globe whose hither side With light from hence, though but reflected, shines; That place is Earth the seat of Man, that light His day, which else as th' other Hemisphere [ 725 ] Night would invade, but there the neighbouring Moon (So call that opposite fair Starr) her aide Timely interposes, and her monthly round Still ending, still renewing through mid Heav'n, With borrowd light her countenance triform [ 730 ] Hence fills and empties to enlighten th' Earth, And in her pale dominion checks the night.

你往底下看那个球吧，它的这半边只是反射，是从这里照过去的光。那就是人所住的地球，光的是昼，相反的暗的半球是夜。他的邻近就是地球对面那美丽星球，名字叫月亮，定时帮助他，在半空中，每月绕他转一周，循环往复，从这里借去的光照耀着大地，依照盈虚圆缺、嫦娥三相的形式照亮着地球，在她苍白的领域内控制着夜。

The impact of pump depletion on gain spectrum is analyzed by comparing the gain spectra in pump depleted and pump undepleted regimes.

通过比较考虑抽运光损耗与忽略抽运光损耗增益谱的差别，分析了抽运光损耗对增益谱的影响。

Therefore, we used physical mechanism trigger drug release from liposome. In this study, the small unilamellar vesicles liposome were encapsulated hydrophilic marker drug 5(6)-Carboxylfluorescein and prepared by the thin layer hydration and extrusion methods. Liposomal suspension were exposed to the magnetic field.

因此希望以物理方式驱动微脂粒药物释放，本研究以薄膜水合法与挤压法制造单层微胞微脂粒包覆水溶性药物5(6)-Carboxylfluorescein的萤光指示剂经由磁场照射，以粒径仪、界面电位仪与萤光仪发现微脂粒经由磁场照射后使得微脂粒形体改变，粒径和带电性明显变化、萤光药物释放量增加。

OBJECTIVE: To explore the dynamic viscoelasticity difference of unpolymerized light-cured composite resins with retentive filler or normal filler, and to investigate effect on the clinical manipulation properties of rheological behaviors in two light-cured composite resins to define an ideal resin.

目的：评价含固位性填料（retentive filler，RF填料）和普通填料（normal filler，NF填料）的未聚合光固化复合树脂的动态黏弹性，并探讨两种光固化复合树脂动态黏弹性对临床操作性能的影响，以确定理想的光固化复合树脂应具备的条件。

With the support of a major research grant of Zhejiang Province (No. 001101027) and the Plan of Promoting Education of Excellence of Zhejiang University in the 21st Century, this dissertation is devoted to address the above problems and fabricate an L-band EDFA with low cost, high performance and technological innovation.First the mechanism of an erbium doped fiber amplifier is introduced. Various theoretical models based on classical rate propagation equations are summarized and compared for their applications. We use a modified numerical model based on the Giles model, which agrees with the experimental results well. This serves as the theoretical base for the whole thesis and will be used to optimize the characteristics of EDFAs. A novel method based on a map of noise figure and gain is proposed to analyze efficiently the dependence of the noise figure and gain for EDFAs on the EDF length and the pump power. The characteristics of various EDFAs are studied and compared.Secondly, some important parameters are introduced to describe the characteristics of EDFAs. The methods and the experimental setups for measuring the gain and noise figure of an EDFA are emphasized. We introduce how to measure the characteristics of each component of an EDFA, especially the gain and absorption coefficient of an erbium doped fiber.Thirdly, four types of simple and novel L-band EDFA structures with low noise, high gain and low gain ripple are proposed to satisfy the requirement of a DWDM system. They can be classified into two categories. In the first category, a single ASE pumping is served asa secondary pump. This category includes the following three types. Type: a new construction using a fiber Bragg grating in an unpumped EDF section at the input side. Type: a new structure of L-Band EDFA with two-stage pumps, which utilizes the forward ASE as a second pump.

本论文本着科技创新、服务于生产实践的精神，以设计价格低廉，性能优越、结构合理简单的L-band EDFA为目标，依托浙江省科技厅重大科学基金资助项目(001101027)和浙江大学振兴教育计划资助的全光网络的搭建—《光通信技术》课程实验建设项目，展开了如下工作：首先，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器的工作原理，归纳总结了基于速率方程基础的EDFA的各种理论模型，分析比较了各个模型的特点和适用场合，最终选择完善的Giles理论模型作为本论文分析设计EDFA的理论基础；针对实际实验条件提出了修正的EDFA模型的数值计算方法；创新地提出了增益—噪声系数全局分析法，直观有效地分析了EDFA的增益和噪声系数与掺铒光纤长度和泵浦功率的依赖关系，并对各种EDFA的性能作了全面的比较；第二，介绍了掺铒光纤放大器特性参数的定义与测量方法，重点介绍了噪声系数和增益系数的测量方法及实验装置；介绍了组成掺铒光纤放大器各组件的特性测量方法，重点介绍了测量掺铒光纤参数的方法和实验装置；第三，针对WDM系统对L-band EDFA谱平坦、低噪声、高增益的要求，我们创新地提出了四种不同的L-band EDFA结构，按设计思路可以分为两大类：一类是基于单抽运二级泵浦法，这一类包括在未泵浦掺铒光纤的输入端插入一根布拉格光纤光栅的两段L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于前向ASE光作为二级泵浦源推动下一级EDF工作的泵浦分配、两段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构；基于单根光纤光栅、泵浦分配、两段级联的EDFA；另一类则是基于同时应用前后向C-band ASE作二级泵浦源的双抽运法，如基于前后向ASE光作为二级泵浦源的三段级联L-band的EDFA的新结构。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。