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The development of MEMS optical switches including electromagnetism driven mobile micro-switch, electrostatic driven optical switch, optical switch matrix of MEMS optical amplifying and spray-ink air bladder MEMS optical swith, wavelength selective switch, both at home and aboard is reviewed, and the structures, performances and fabrications of these components are analyzed.

介绍了目前国内外光纤通信系统中所涉及的电磁驱动移动式MEMS光开关、静电驱动式光开关、基于MEMS光大器的可扩展型光开关矩阵、喷墨气泡MEMS光开关、开环式1×N波长选择MEMS光开关。对这些器件的结构原理，制造方法及其性能指标作了分析。

Correlation between spin angular momentum s and background angular momentums of planets;2. In the paper the principle of optical rotation due to the transfer of spin angular momentum from light to particles was discussed by analyzing the interaction between the beam of light and birefringent crystal particles, and then an optical tweezers was formed on nanometer optical tweezers system with a linearly polarized light beam (He-Ne laser 633 nm, 10 mW).

从理论上分析了偏振光束与双折射晶体粒子的相互作用过程，讨论了由于光束自旋角动量向晶体粒子的传递所导致的光致旋转效应的原理，并在纳米光镊装置上利用线偏振He Ne激光器(633 nm，10 mW)形成了光镊光阱，利用1/4波片来改变光镊光束的偏振状态，在不同的椭圆偏振状态下实现了直径约为几微米的CaCO3 晶体微粒的捕获和光致转动。

Objective To investigate the difference between the actual figure and theoretic figure of aniseikonia in anisometropic amblyopia patients; examine the stereoacuity of anisometropic amblyopia patients and ametropic amblyopia patients, and analysis the related factors, to give guideline for the treatment of anisometropic amblyopia patients.

目的 研究屈光参差性弱视患者的不等像值与理论值(0.25D的屈光参差引起0.5%的不等像)之间的差异及其规律；检查屈光参差性弱视及屈光不正性弱视患者的立体视锐度，分析其影响因素，为矫正屈光参差、治疗屈光参差性弱视提供依据。

The effect both of the initial ratio of the intensity and of the recording angles of writing waves on the anisotropic Bragg diffraction properties of volume gratings was discussed.

结果表明：记录光入射角和记录光初始光强比均对体光栅的各向异性衍射具有选择性；与此相比，记录光入射角和记录光初始光强比对于体光栅各向同性衍射不具备选择性。

It was illuminated that the width of the centre bright fringe decreased along with the increasing width of the rectangular aperture when the effect of the aperture on the beam couldn't be ignored,however,the width of centre bright fringe step changed with increase of the size of the aperture when the effect could be ignorable,the width of the half maximum intensity of the centre bright fringe decreased along with the accretion of the width of the aperture and then it tends to a constant.

结果表明，当光阑对光束的衍射影响明显时，光束衍射场的中央亮条纹的宽度随着光阑边长的增大而减小；当光阑对光束的衍射影响极小时，中央亮条纹的宽度随着光阑边长的增加而阶跃变化，中央亮条纹强度的半最大值宽度随着光阑边长的增大而减小；当光阑对光束衍射影响极小时，中央亮条纹半最大值宽度趋近于一定值。

Die by the rational design of a multifunctional machine sanding machine longituba Cutting Machine Polishing Machine Automatic Polishing Machine Weld sand inside the sand at the end of machine belt sanding machine shearing machine round-head sanding machine welded steel polishing machine rotating ring machine clean machine specializing in the production of oil: stainless steel towel rack towel rack stainless steel round stainless steel items column towel rack stainless steel stainless steel stainless steel tissue boxes±Ií°stainless steel stainless steel stainless steel bathroom shelves±soap dish stainless steel stainless steel stainless steel gas kitchen range hoods stainless steel Disinfection cabinets stainless steel stainless steel boiling pan fried type of stainless steel with stainless steel pot stainless steel wok, stainless steel soup pot, stainless steel stainless steel sink, stainless steel cabinets stainless steel tripod type of furnace-type stainless steel stainless steel stainless steel key box cruet sealed stainless steel tank stainless steel stainless steel toothpicks Block kits stainless steel ice bucket small stainless steel bread box stainless steel stainless steel flagon flagon tune .............................

经合理设计模具，一机多功能切边机砂光机长筒抛光机压焊缝机自动抛光机砂内砂底机砂光砂带机剪圆机双头砂光机钢板抛光机环形焊转动机抹油机专业生产：不锈钢毛巾架不锈钢圆毛巾架不锈钢物品栏不锈钢纸巾架不锈钢纸巾盒不锈钢口杯架不锈钢马桶刷不锈钢卫浴货架不锈钢皂碟不锈钢漱口杯不锈钢燃气灶不锈钢抽油烟机不锈钢消毒柜不锈钢开水器不锈钢炒具不锈钢锅类不锈钢火锅不锈钢炒锅，不锈钢汤锅，不锈钢不锈钢水槽，不锈钢橱柜不锈钢鼎类不锈钢炉类不锈钢钥匙盒不锈钢调味瓶不锈钢密封罐不锈钢牙签座不锈钢药箱不锈钢冰桶不锈钢小酒壶不锈钢面包箱不锈钢调酒壶。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。。

Five novel torsion-mirror optical actuators including double-beam thickness differential structure with single torsional axis, double flexible folded-beam structure with single torsional axis, double-beam vertical torsion comb structure with single torsion axis, four-beam differential compound-micromirror structure with double torsional axis and the combined structure of the four basis forms above, are brought forward. All of these devices could be fabricated by the same silicon micromachining process we have developed. The deformation compensation design with local enhancement for the thin torsional beam which is the key structure of these devices is also put forward to improve the reliability. The three-dimension solid model and two-dimension reduced order model of the torsion-mirror optical actuator are established and then the numerical simulations for evaluating the device characteristics of the statics, dynamics, electrostatic field, mechanical and electrostatic coupling, fluid and solid coupling are carried out to optimize the structure design. Furthermore, three optical fibre clamping structures which could be integrated monolithicly are designed and analyzed to improve the optical coupling capability. 4. Three flexible process flows combined with bulk silicon micromachining and surface silicon micromachining are brought forward to fabricate these novel single-crystal silicon or polysilicon torsion-mirror optical actuators by using the same lithography masks for both SOI wafer and regular silicon wafer. A series of important process experiments are carried out to optimize the process parameters and the process flows. Some novel and typical process phenomena which occurred during the microfabrication are analyzed and then the corresponding solutions are put forward. 5. A MEMS dynamic testing system which exploit blur image synthetic technique, stroboscopic image matching technique, stroboscopic mirau microscopic interferometry technique and microscopic laser dopper vibrometer technique is set up to measure three-dimension and six-freedom micro motions of any MEMS devices with nanometer resolution.

在对硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的光机电特性系统地理论研究的基础上提出了硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的结构设计准则。3、提出了单轴双梁厚度差分结构、单轴双柔性折叠梁结构、单轴双梁垂直扭转梳齿结构、双轴四梁差动复合微镜结构以及以上四种基本结构组合后的衍生结构等五种工艺加工技术兼容的新型的硅微机械扭转镜光致动器，对器件关键结构薄厚度、高耐疲劳扭转梁进行了局部加强的变形补偿设计，建立了器件的三维实体模型以及两维降阶模型，对提出的新结构硅微机械扭转镜光致动器进行了系统的静力学、动力学、静电场、力电耦合和流体固体耦合的建模仿真与优化设计，同时设计并分析了三种可实现单芯片集成的弹性光纤定位夹紧结构。4、提出了组合体硅微加工技术与表面硅微加工技术、兼容同一套光刻版图、可分别基于SOI 晶片和普通Si 晶片、适应于制造提出的各种新结构单晶硅和多晶硅硅微机械扭转镜光致动器的三套柔性加工工艺流程，开展了一系列重要工艺步骤的单项工艺试验，对工艺流程与工艺参数进行了优化，针对加工过程中出现的具有普遍意义的典型工艺问题进行了讨论和分析，并提出了解决方法。5、创新性地将模糊图像合成技术、频闪图像匹配技术、频闪Mirau 显微干涉技术与显微激光多普勒测振技术有机结合，建立起了一套周期运动测量与瞬态运动测量相结合、单点运动测量与全视场运动测量相结合、满足不同MEMS 器件各种动态测试要求的集成的MEMS 三维六自由度微运动精密测量系统。

SOA can be used in the dispersion compensation in fiber transmission system, all-optical regeneration, optical time division multiplexing, and used as preamplifier, in-line amplifier, boost amplifier in signal transmission. SOA can be also used as wavelength converter, optical switch. In signal procession, nonlinear optical loop mirror based on SOA can be used in optical pulse reshaping, and used as high rate (100Gbit/s) demultiplexer, and optical correlator for optical data retiming.

在信息传输方面，SOA用于色散补偿、全光再生和光时分复用和前置放大、线路放大、功率放大等；在信息交换方面，SOA用于波长转换、光开关等；在信号处理方面，SOA构成的非线性光环形镜用于光脉冲整形、光数据信号再定时的光相关器和高速（100Gbit/s）解复用等。

The article gives a design of an NIR instrument with filter. The working theory of the instrument is: during wheel running a circle , ray from light source irradiates the sample after it through a certain filter of filter wheel, so ray would carry the absorption spectrum of sample . We can know components of the sample by analyzing the ray . Filter wheel is its light splitter.

本文给出了一个使用滤光片作为分光器件的近红外光谱仪的控制电路设计方案，其工作原理是：当滤光轮转动时，光源出射光经过滤光轮上的某一滤光片，再照射到样品上，经样品池出射的光携带有样品的吸收光谱信息，滤光轮转动一圈，可得到样品不同波长处的光谱信息，通过后期数据分析可得到样品的成分含量信息。

Optical fiber communication is transferring form point-to-point transmission to mesh network. Traditional optical-electronical-optical transformation limits the data rate and adds the cost. With reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexer for signal switching and routing, the OEO transformation can be bypassed, reduceing equipment size and cost.

光纤通信由点到点传输向网格化发展，传统的光—电—光转换过程限制了通信速率并导致成本增加，采用可重构光分叉复用器进行光交换和光路由，可以省去光—电—光转换过程，缩小尺寸和降低成本。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了