光

The diffraction theory of Kirchhoff is applied to the four-pinhole aperture diffraction screens, the intensity, the zero-contour of the real and imaginary parts of complex amplitude and the phase distribution in deep Fresnel diffraction region are simulated, and it is found that the bright spots in interference field show central symmetry distribution. When the observation plane close to the diffraction screen, the zero-value points of light intensity can form line segment, on which the eccentricities of the light intensity isoline are close or equal to 1, the intensity changes very fast on both sides of the zero-line of light intensity.

利用基尔霍夫衍射理论计算了四圆孔径衍射屏在菲涅尔深区形成的的干涉光场的强度、零值线和相位的分布，发现干涉光场亮斑关于中心呈对称分布，在距离衍射屏较近的观察面上，光强值为的零点组成光强零值线段，该线段上光强等值线的离心率都接近或等于1，其两侧的光强值变化非常剧烈。

For the optical system with circular apertures,it is difficult to get the boundary radical slope of phase and the accurate sampling value in the circular domain boundary when the intensity transport equation is used to recover the original phase.

1引言相位恢复是指利用光束传播时所探测到的光强信息反演出相位[1]，为了获得更多的光强信息以把相位恢复到最佳，一次光强测量是不够的，因此这就要求在光学系统的输出或成像光轴方向上进行多次光强测量。

At present, the application in the packaging business card printing and membership card making the UV light oil formation, in addition polymerization, the film uses initiator aggregation and energy initiating two forms (both called conglutinate, that is, light oil system of conglutinate in the ultraviolet radiation occurs under resin polymorization formation of varnish film, known as UV-curing on).

目前，应用在包装制卡和会员卡制作制品上的UV光油，除氧化聚合形成外，薄膜采用引发剂引发聚合和能量引发聚合两种形式（均称为光敏树脂，即光油体系的光敏树脂在紫外线照射下树脂发生聚合反应形成的光油薄膜，称为紫外线固化上光油）。

Furthermore the performances of heat transfers including corrugate plate, tube and fin-tube were compared under the same conditions. The results show that when the air frontal velocity is between 2.45 and 4.1m/s, the overall heat-transfer coefficient of plate heat exchanger ranges from 100 to 160 W/m^2/ equal to one sixth of that of fin- tube cooler based on tube outside area, which is about 70% higher than that of tube cooler. The volumetric heat transfer capacity of plate cooler is 1.5 times as that of fin-tube cooler and 15 times as that of tube cooler. The heat transfer capacity of per unit power of plate cooler is 5.5 times as that of tube cooler and similar results for fin-tube cooler.

在相同工况下，比较了波纹板式、光管式和翅片管式空冷器的性能指标，结果表明：迎面风速在2.45~4.1m/s之间，波纹板式空冷器传热系数达到100~160W/平方公尺/℃；约比光管式提高70%，但只有以管束外表面为基准的翅片管式传热系数的六分之一；板式空冷器单位体积换热量约是翅片管式空冷器的1.5倍，是光管式的15倍；板式空冷器单位功耗换热量约是光管式空冷器的5.5倍，而翅片管式空冷器与光管式空冷器则相差不大。

The optical switches and optical switch arrays are the key devices in the optical cross-connect equipments and optical add and drop multiplexing equipments ,which are the important components in the all-optical network.

在全光网络系统中，光交叉连接设备与光分叉复用设备是其重要组成部分，而光开关与光开关阵列又是OXC与OADM的核心器件。

This work is focused on the ArF photoresist which is the key chemicals for the next generation of integrated circuit manufacture. Polymethacrylate and Cycloolefin copolymers were synthesized for use as single layer photoresists. The effect of composition, the developing processes, and the kinetic reaction of the photoresist on the lithographic performance were investigated.

本文章针对新一世代IC制程用193nm光阻剂，设计制备一系列的压克力与环烯类单层光阻，深入的探讨树脂组成、光阻剂显影条件的变化、以及光阻剂反应动力因素，与光阻剂微影性质间的关系。

Birefringence, or double refraction, is the decomposition of a ray of light into two rays (the ordinary ray and the extraordinary ray) when it passes through certain types of ma ...

光在晶体中传播时，再不平行于光轴方向上，由于e光和o光传播速度不同，而出现两个不同折射率的光的像，这种现象叫做双折射现象。

The semiconductor optical amplifier- cross gained modulation wavelength converter in the core node is used to transfer the payload from the old label to the new label to achieve the label erasion and insertion.

基于此光标记系统，研究Mach-Zehnder调制器的消光比、半导体光放大器的偏置电流、接收模块的输入功率、泵浦光功率、探测光功率对误码率的影响，以及转换波长与转换效率的关系。

In the course of the calendering, pressure bearing steel strip temperature is too high, the local Polish film flacherie it appropriate to reduce the pressure of the pressure and temperature light; or possibly finish and calendering technology conditions do not match the business card printing and membership card making products for layer on the surface cools, the same as the above band of light, laymch avulsing is poor technical condition so that it matches on, reducing the calender speed, to improve the optical layer on the light that is between the avulsing: same as above.

温度偏高，使制卡和会员卡制作品在压光过程中脱水过多，含水量降低，因而纸张纤维变脆，应降低压光的工作温度，并采取有效措施，保持制卡和会员卡制作品中—定的含水量；压光中压力过大，使制卡和会员卡制作品的延伸性和可塑性降低，韧性变性，可减少压光中的压力；若因为上光油的后加工适性不良，则应重新选择加工适性较好的上光油；后加工工艺条件选样不合适，可调整后加工工艺条件，使其与制卡和会员卡制作品压光后的适性相匹配。

This product also has the ability of light extinction, so it can be used as extinction filler for flat or semi-gloss powder coatings to reduce the usage of flatting agents.

本产品还具有一定的消光作用，可作为半光和无光粉末涂料的消光填料，可减少消光剂的添加量。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。