先验的

His contributions to historical philosophy include the following: his study of the origin of time as the historical process itself is a combination of the priori and the postpriori in history that can testify the relationship between, historical philosophy and historiography; he establishes the criterion for evaluating the times by dividing time into time in conception and chronological time; he testifies the unification of cosmopolitism and patriotism based on a discussion of the relationship between the general and the individual; he describes human history as a long and arduous process in which rationality wins over irrationality and civilization wins over barbarism, a dialectical revelation of historical process.

他的历史哲学做出的贡献在于：探讨作为历史过程本身的时间的起源；以历史中先验东西与经验东西的结合论证历史哲学与历史学的关系；将时间分为概念中的时间和编年史的时间，制定评判时代的标准；以历史中普遍东西与个别东西的关系论证世界主义与爱国主义的统一；把全人类历史描述为理性战胜反理性、文明战胜野蛮的长期曲折的进程，揭示出历史发展的辩证法。

The Pinyin model is Trigram that adds up same voice data in language model and it is a new link between original acoustic and language model.It can be used to obtain probability of interrelated Pinyin string.The results in experiments show that by using the model to make final process of the recognition of acoustic layer,the recognition rate of the top one can be increased 13 percent,and the rate of the front fine is similar with the...

拼音模型是累加语言模型中同音字的相关数据后得到的 3元模型，是在原来的声学模型和语言模型之间增加的一个新环节，可用来求取相关拼音串的先验概率，实验结果表明，用它作为声学层识别的后处理，可使第 1名的识别率提高 13个百分点，可使前 5名的识别率与原来声学模型输出前 10名的识别率相当

Cheng, Y. Mean-shift, Mode Seeking and Clustering. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 17, pp. 790, 1995.[2] Comaniciu D, Ramesh V, Meer P. Kernel-based Object Tracking. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 25, pp. 564-577, 2003.[3] Collins R, Liu Y and Leordeanu M. Online Selection of Discriminative Tracking Features. IEEE Trans. on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, Vol. 27, pp. 1631-1643, 2005.[4] Nummiaro K, Koller-Meier E and Gool L.V. An Adaptive Color-based Particle Filter.

本文针对MS跟踪和粒子滤波跟踪各自的优缺点，将其两者进行了很好地结合，提出了两步跟踪算法，其特点有：保留了MS跟踪实时性的优点的同时，也具有粒子滤波在遮挡情况下的鲁棒性等特点；在所需的每步粒子跟踪中，以上一步的跟踪结果与模板的相似度为先验知识，自适应地选取粒子个数和传播半径，缓解了粒子缺乏多样性的缺点，也根据这个相似度来判断是否需要对目标模板的更新，保证了更新的有效性。

And the structures of ANNs are similar in different hydrologic systems, by this mean, the basic information such as distributing of hydrometric stations can't be utilized. This paper presents a new flood forecast model based on complex ANN, which can make the information of hydrologic systems as guidance when constructing the structure of ANN.

3通过建立复合型型人工神经网络模型的方法，有效的利用给定水文系统的先验知识为人工神经网络模型的建模提供指导，使得建立出的模型更具合理性，该方法不同于传统的人工神经网络建立方法，为基于人工神经网络的洪水预报建模提供了一种新的思路。

The dissertation analysis different measurement on channel frequency,different vibration signals sets and different location to form each ICA result.With regard to the failure diagnosis of the turbine generator operation,the study has explored the possibilities to detect the failure diagnosis source from the measurement signals.It has also provided sufficient analysis case for the application of separation to detecting failure source on the turbine generator.2.Aiming at the engineering application of overcomplete bases ICA,the dissertation has raised virtual channel on the new method of ICA.It take advantage of some testified knowledge to the constitution of ICA known as, together with other measurement signal to proceed ICA separation,which can increase frequency on the input signal.

分析了以不同测量通道数量、不同振动信号类型组合和不同测点位置组成输入信号的ICA分离效果，并对机组在故障状态下，从测量信号中分离出故障源的可能性进行了探讨，为ICA在汽轮机振动故障源分离方面的应用提供丰富的分析实例。2针对超完备基ICA的工程应用问题，提出附加虚拟通道ICA的新方法，利用某些已经具有先验知识的独立分量构成附加输入信号，与其它测量信号组合在一起进行ICA分离，达到增加输入信号数量的目的。

Unfortunately, such analytical frameworks don't follow a solid and strict logic, although they appear powerful in explaining substantive phenomena. There are actually four defects which should not be ignored within the frameworks. Firstly, some pivotal rights or power, such as residual claims and residual rights of control, are transcendentally provided without any scrupulous inspection of their intensions, extensions and foundations. Secondly, they depend overly on the approach of normal analysis , ignoring the forming process and practical rules of institutions. Thirdly, They pay so much attention on moral hazards, especially on hold-up problems related to specific investments, that how to deal with moral hazards becomes almost the only content of institutional arrangements or corporate governance. Finally, they select mature enterprises, most of which are public ones, as the research background, but neglect to study the initial establishing phase of a business venture.

虽然该框架对很多现象具有强大的解释力，但这并不意味它已有了坚实的理论基础和严谨的逻辑，因为该框架还存在着一些不应该被忽视的缺陷：第一，许多关键性的权利或者权力都是先验给定的，其内涵、外延以及存在基础并未得到严格考察；第二，过分依赖规范分析方法，却往往在有意或无意之间忽视了对企业实际的形成过程和运行规律的考察；第三，过分关注道德风险，尤其是与专用性投资相关的敲竹杠风险，以至于防止道德风险似乎成了企业制度安排或者企业治理的唯一内容；第四，基本上是以成熟企业，尤其是上市公司作为研究背景，而缺乏对创业阶段的研究。

That is the kind of reflection that I think promises to reveal a special role or position for certain thoughts or beliefs in our conception of the world, or a certain kind of philosophical invulnerability for some of them, even if it falls short of the full Kantian story, or even of the conclusions of the more ambitious post-Kantian transcendental arguments.14

我想的这类反思，所承诺的是揭示在我们对世界的概念中一些特定的思想或信念是具有特殊地位的，或是一种特殊的&philosophical invulnerability&，即使康德努力失败，即使其他强目标的后康德的先验论证失败。

Because there are the characteristics of uncertainty and mixing meta-pixels in the remote-sensing images, the classical fuzzy c-means method has a low accuracy in the remote-sensing image clustering. This paper improves the fuzzy c-means method. And it adds a-priori information into the patterns to change the method as a semi-supervised clustering. In the clustering process, the unlabelled patterns compare similarities with the labeled patterns, and then the accuracy of the algorithm can be increased.(3)The paper proposes an interactive learning-based image mining in remote sensing.

由于遥感图像各类别在特征空间中散点图的分布的特点，本文对传统的FCM聚类算法进行改进，并且加入先验信息之后，将原来的非监督的聚类变成一种半监督的聚类方法，通过与已标签的样本进行相似性比较，能有效地提高聚类算法的准确度。

An intelligent fault detection and diagnosis method based on space vector is presented, fault diagnosis knowledge self-acquisition and self-tuning and symptom optimum algorithm are infered. 4、An early fault detection and diagnosis method based on ANN for process industry is presented, which has perfect self-learning and self-tuning ability and can establish diagnosis model automatically with the process of fault diagnosis in the absence of sufficient prior knowledge.

提出一种基于特征空间向量的智能故障诊断方法，推导了其故障诊断知识的自动获取算法和故障诊断的自适应算法以及征兆信号优化选取算法； 4、提出一种基于人工神经网络的生产过程早期故障检测与诊断方法，该故障诊断方法知识获取容易，具有良好的自学习和自适应能力，能够在故障先验知识不完备的情况下，通过与用户的交互，逐步自动建立起完善的故障模型知识。

Reflecting on that achievement involves first of all acknowledging that we do think and experience things in those ways. Those are the 'premisses' from which transcendental reflection on the necessary conditions of our thinking in those ways begins. Accepting such premisses means ascribing those thoughts and experiences to human beings. We can then reflect in a broadly Kantian spirit on the conditions of our making such ascriptions—on what must be so, how we must be able to think, and what we must be able to do, in order to think of anyone as possessing such thoughts and experiences.

从那些对我们的思进行先验反思来说是前设的东西开始，接受这些前设意味着把那些思或经验&归&给人，我们因此能在更宽的意义上反思导致这些&归&——是什么使得必须如此，我们如何必须能够思，我们必须能做的是什么——的条件，从而为了考察任何拥有这样的思或经验的人的情况。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。