先验的

Although it is not tautology of analytic proposition,it is a priori knowledge.So we can say Leibniz has putforwards the a priori synthetic proposition before Kant in an unclear way.

而原始的事实真理的提出则是莱布尼茨超越近代的直觉学说的地方，这种原始的事实真理不是同义反复的分析命题（至少对于人的有限的心智而言不是），而又具有某种直接的先验性，可见莱布尼茨已先于康德以一种不十分明显的方式提出了先天综合判断的问题。

Finishing calculation of mean value, standard deviation, skewness, kurtosis of Beta distribution.(2) Fitting parameters of many kinds of typical distribution and using residual deviation to evaluate fitting precision.(3) Using Beta distribution as an agreed indication distribution applied to many kinds of practical photoelectric measurement distributions.(4) Deriving theory formula of Bayes point estimation about Beta distribution parameters and mean value and standard deviation on the condition of mean square error loss function and supposed the prior distribution is uniform distribution.(5) Generating MCMC sample from post distribution by the method of Gibbs sample algorithm. Calculating bayes point estimation from sample on the condition of mean square error loss function. Calculating confidence interval by an approximate method to complete interval estimation.

本文的主要工作有：(1)解决了Beta分布参数a和b的精确计算以及均值、标准差、偏度、峰度的计算问题；(2)拟合出10余种典型分布的Beta分布的两个参数，并且采用剩余标准差评价该Beta分布的拟合精度；(3)对多种典型的光学与光电测量系统的测量分布进行了Beta分布统示表示；(4)在假设先验分布为均匀分布前提下，得到参数a和b以及均值μ和标准差σ在均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计理论计算公式；(5)利用直接抽样的Gibbs抽样算法，从后验分布中产生MCMC样本，从样本直接计算均方误差损失函数下的贝叶斯点估计，并使用一种近似方法计算其置信区间，完成区间估计。

In this paper,at first we transformed the nonlinear elliptic system of 2m first order equations into the complex form, then by use the results on the Riemann-Hilbert problem for nonlinear elliptic complex equation of first order, the method of continuity, the Schauder fixed-point theorem and the Leray-Schauder theorem, we proved that the modified Riemann-Hilbert boundary value problem for the complex system with some conditions is solvable.

本文先将较一般的多个未知函数的一阶椭圆型实方程组化为复方程组，然后讨论这些复方程组在某些条件下的一些边值问题的可解性。这里所考虑的方程组既包含线性的，也包含非线性的，比广义超解析函数所满足的方程组还要广，又本文主要研究较一般的Riemann-Hilbert边值问题，先给出这种边值问题解的先验估计式，然后用参数开拓法及Leray-Schauder定理证明这种边值问题的可解性结果。

It is deemed here that the legitimacy of power under the peculiar conditions of ancient societies was destined by the other world outside of human beings', such as religion, theology, etc. In ancient societies, the power and governance were justified by means of God's will, divine regulations, exceptional human power and exterior transcendentalism.

本文认为，在古代社会特有的历史条件下，古代社会中权力的合法性由宗教、神学等外在于人的彼岸世界所支撑，古代社会的权力，往往要借助神的意志或是神法规则，借助超人的力量和外在的先验秩序来赋予自身统治的合法性。

Based on the prior information obtained by qualitative inversion, the two stages inversion method was put forward. That is, the first stage is that distinguishing the high-quality element and non- high-quality element, and determining the initial iteration value of element sound velocity reasonably. The second stage is that treating differentially the constraint weights of the high-quality element and non- high-quality element, and then quantitatively inversing the final sound velocity distribution. The results of two concrete specimens indicate that the two stages inversion method can inhibit artifacts effectively and has better defect identification effect than normal one stage inversion.

在获取定性反演先验信息的基础上，提出了两阶段反演的方法：第一阶段，区分优质像元和非优质像元，合理确定像元声速的迭代初值；第二阶段，区别对待优质像元和非优质像元的约束权重，定量反演最终的速度分布。2个混凝土试件的模型试验表明，两阶段反演能有效抑制伪像，具有比常规的一阶段反演更好的缺陷识别效果。

The main results are as follows: the relations between local fractional integrated semigroups and the corresponding Cauchy problem, global fractional integrated semigroups and regularized semigroups are given; introduction of the notion of regularized resolvent families, and the generation theorem and analyticity criterions for regularized resolvent families are obtained; the spectral inclusions between fractional resolvent family and its generator, and the approximation for fractional resolvent families in the cases of generators approximation and fractional orders approximation; elliptic operators with variable coefficients generating fractional resolvent family on L^2 by using numerical range techniques; and the L^p theory for elliptic operators with real coefficients highest order are obtained by Sobolev''s inequalities and the a priori estimates for elliptic operators; and a kind of coercive differential operators generates fractional regularized resolvent family by applying the Fourier multiplier method, functional calculus and some basic properties of Mittag-Leffler functions.

主要结论是：给出了局部分数次积分半群和相应的Cauchy问题的关系以及分数次积分半群和正则半群的关系；引入了正则预解族的概念，并给出了其生成定理和解析生成法则；给出了分数次预解族与其生成元的谱包含关系，并研究了在生成元逼近和分数阶逼近两种情况下相应的预解族的逼近问题；利用数值域方法证明了具变系数的椭圆算子在L^2上生成分数次预解族；利用Sobolev不等式和椭圆算子的先验估计证明了具变系数的椭圆算子在其最高项系数为实数时在L^p上生成分数次预解族；运用Fourier乘子理论、泛函演算和Mittag-Leffler函数证明了一类强制微分算子可以生成分数次正则预解族，并给出了该预解族的范数估计。

Provided that the initial prior intensity of the states is Gaussian or can be identified as a Gaus- sian sum, the analytical results of the algorithm show that the posterior intensity at any subsequent time step remains a Gaussian sum under the assumption that the state noise, the measurement noise, target spawn intensity, new target birth intensity, target survival prob- ability, and detection probability are all Gaussian sums.

分析的结果表明，当初始的先验强度满足高斯或者可以表示成高斯和的形式时，通过将状态噪声、观测噪声、目标的繁衍、新目标的产生、目标的存活概率和检测概率表示成高斯和的形式，之后每个时刻的后验强度均能表示成高斯和形式。

The existence of global weak solution for a class of generalized Ginzburg-Landau equations with an inhomogeneous boundary condition was studied. Some integral indentities of smooth solution of inhomogeneous initial boundary value problem of Ginzburg-Landau equations were deduced, by which a priori estimates of the square norm on boundary of normal derivative and the square norm of partial derivatives were obtained.

研究具非线性边界条件的一类广义Ginzburg＿Landau方程解的整体存在性·推导了Ginzburg＿Landau方程的非齐次初边值问题光滑解的几个积分恒等式，由此得到了解的法向导数在边界上的平方模以及解的平方模和导数的平方模估计；通过逼近技巧、先验估计和取极限方法证明了Ginzburg＿Landau方程的非齐次初边值问题整体弱解的存在性

This model adapts the prior information of piecewise continuity of image to construct a nonlinear diffusion model,which is used to smooth an enlarged image by nearest interpolation to reduce the blocky effect caused by enlargement,simultaneity,and interpolation condition is added into the iterated process to avoid a too smooth image.

新模型利用图像为分片连续的二维曲面的先验信息，采用非线性扩散方程对基于最近邻方法放大后的图像进行光滑以消除因放大引起的"块状"效应，同时在迭代过程中加入插值条件使处理后的图像能较好的保留边缘，由此构造出基于偏微分方程的图像分辨率增强模型和相应的迭代算法，使图像的分辨率增强到亚像元级。

Further more, based on the analysis of Bayesian AR model and MA model , we analyzed the Bayesian ARMA model and its mathematical structure. Mainly analyzed the Bayesian ARMA(1,1) model, and constructed the model condition likelihood function and the parameters posterior distribution.

同时，以时间序列AR模型及MA模型的贝叶斯分析为基础进行了时间序列ARMA模型的贝叶斯分析，从分析ARMA模型的数学结构开始，重点进行了ARMA(1，1)模型的贝叶斯分析；构建了模型的条件似然函数和参数的先验分布，推导其参数的条件后验密度和边缘后验密度；并借用一组SAS软件模拟的ARMA(1，1)序列，通过WinBUGS进行仿真分析。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。