元音

A summer day 中, summer 修饰 day Linguistics To change by umlaut.

变换元音：通过元音变化改变 v.intr。

While some languages have 30 or more different vowel sounds, others have five or less.

有些语言有30个或更多的元音，而其他语言只有5个或更少的元音。

Next, you'll find , a combination of the tense vowel and the lax vowel .

第二种，你会发现，tense元音和lax元音的混合体。

SARAH HARRIS: A, a, a, ok, lets go around the different vowels let's go round the different vowels to see how you get on….o, o, o…a little bit breathy…o. o

莎拉哈里斯：A，a，a……好的，让我们试试发不同的元音，发不同的元音看看你恢复的怎么样了。O，o，o……稍微大声一点，O，o

Ai,ua,iao;(3)nasal finals which consist of one or two vowlels and a nasal consonant's eg.

1只包含一个元音的是单韵母，如a，o。(2)包含两三个元音的是复韵母，如ai，ua，iao。

Closure the cleft palate with palatoplasty could improve the movement of lateral pharyngeal wall during speech. The degree of improvement for high vowel was greater than low vowel.

通过腭裂修复术关闭腭部裂隙可以改善术后发音时咽侧壁的运动程度，发高元音时咽侧壁运动的改善程度大于发低元音时。

The destruction primarily results from the occasional insertion of glottal stops before wordinitial low vowels or diphthongs, which is phonologically natural and cannot be prevented from beforehand.

经分析，主要影响来自于词首低元音或双元音前随机插入的喉塞音。

For example, in English, drawn-out vowels are usually diphthongized so that even a single phoneme may consist of unexpected tongue movement (or, according to some linguists, a single grapheme may actually represent two phonemes).

例如，在英语中，拉长的元音通常会变成双元音，所以即使是单一的音位也可能包含意料之外的舌头动作（或者，根据某些语言学家的说法，单一的字位事实上可能代表两个音位）。

This vowel diphthongized in Germanic.

在德语中这个元音双重元音化了。

According to the degrees of PSC they have,Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are classified into four stages as elementary ,intermediate ,intermediate-advanced and advanced.Then the phonologies of Standard Mandarin and Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage are compared in order to find out the phonological differences between these two dialects. Based on the statistical results, the writer chooses ten typical kinds of pronunciation errors of finals according to the rates of pronunciation errors of finals on stages.Then, the phonetic level analysis is made on them for the four stages respectively. Furthermore, acoustic features of vowels, diphthongs, triphthongs and vowels with nasal endings are analysized and compared by plotting vowel charts and formant patterns for them. Finally, the writer gets some preliminary results of the typical pronunciation errors of finals during the whole process of Shanghai-accented Mandarin interlanguage and on the stages of it respectively.

本文结合当前这种实际研究和应用的需要，以上海地区普通话过渡语为考察对象，从韵母发音偏误入手，借鉴第二语言习得研究中偏误分析和中介语研究的相关理论，采用实验语音学的方法，随机选取了80位上海地区不同普通话水平等级的应试人的应试录音和试卷作为本研究使用的语料，并将其分别对应于上海地区普通话过渡语的四个阶段，重点考察这80位处于不同阶段的应试人在测试的读单字部分的韵母发音偏误现象，通过对各阶段所有应试人的各类韵母发音偏误出现率的统计分析，展示出上海地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面产生的偏误在过渡语各个阶段上的分布特点及趋势；再根据各阶段各韵母发音偏误率的统计结果，选取各阶段共同具有的十类主要的韵母发音偏误，分别绘制过渡语各阶段的偏误音声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图，并与标准普通话中相应韵母的声学元音舌位图或共振峰模式图进行比较，从而展示出上海地区普通话学习者的主要韵母偏误类型在过渡语不同阶段上各自的声学特征、偏离标准音的程度和相关趋势，并从一定程度上反映了这一地区普通话学习者在韵母习得方面的能力发展轨迹，为普通话教学及培训中如何提高教学效率问题提供一定的参考依据，也为普通话水平测试各等级标准声学特征的建立，乃至为将来测试的计算机化提供了可靠的声学参数。

Neither the killing of Mr Zarqawi nor any breakthrough on the political front will stop the insurgency and the fratricidal murders in their tracks.

在对危险的南部地区访问时，他斥责什叶派民兵领导人对中央集权的挑衅行为。

In fact,I've got him on the satellite mobile right now.

实际上 我们已接通卫星可视电话了