儿童

A good children"s recreation environment in their residential areas is an essential transeunt element for the children"s healthy growth. By using the theories of children psychology, environment behavior, andhabitation environment planning, the thesis adopt the method of "theory------demonstration------plan", and analyses the mutual relations of children"s behaviors,the structure of children"s recreation roomage, children and their recreation roomage.

本文从儿童的视角出发，运用儿童心理学、环境行为学、居住区环境设计等理论，采用"理论——实证——策略"的研究思路，对儿童行为心理、居住区儿童活动空间形态构成，以及儿童与活动环境之间的互动关系进行了分析。

Learning the method of K-ABC can provide references for compiling our mainland intelligence test.Translate the K-ABC global scales and modify some subtests, particularly modify the cross-cultural achievement scale, form the K-ABC sinitic trial edition. Report the result of the trial research on the difference ability between China children and American children, the difference between simultaneous and sequential mental processes, analyze influence factors on children achievement, family education background is one of the key factors.

利用K-ABC测验结果，分析得出我国儿童和美国儿童在解决部分测验任务上的能力差异，并对此进行了初步分析，还得出了试用样本中的儿童在继时性加工和同时性加工两种加工方式上存在显著差异，以及儿童的家庭教育背景是影响儿童成就水平的因素之一。

Dr. Fisher, Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatric Social Work, and coauthor Cathryn Galanter, Assistant Professor of Clinical Psychiatry, both in the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry at Columbia University in New York City, and their colleagues reviewed the following diagnostic interview instruments: Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia-Epidemiological version, KSADS-Present and Lifetime version, Washington University KSADS (WASHU-KSADS), Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment, Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children Version IV, and the Missouri Assessment of Genetics Interview for Children.

Fisher博士是临床精神病社会工作系的副教授，而Cathryn Galanter临床精神病院的副教授。他们都任职在纽约的哥伦比亚大学儿童和青少年精神病学部。他们的同事回顾了下列几种诊断访谈工具：儿童版情感性疾患及精神分裂症诊断问卷、KSADS-当前及终身版、华盛顿大学KSADS（WASHU-KSADS）、儿童和青少年精神病评估、儿童版诊断访谈表和密苏里州遗传访谈评估儿童版。

When implementing the universal immunity program for one-year-old children in 1997, 96 percent of children were inoculated with BCG vaccine, 96 percent were inoculated against whooping cough, diphtheritis and tetanus, 97 percent against polio, and 95 percent against measles.

儿童健康状况显著改善。1997年，5岁以下儿童腹泻死亡率比1991年下降67.8%，5岁以下儿童肺炎死亡率比1991年下降44.6%。1997年中国儿童麻疹发病率与死亡率比1978年分别下降98.1%和99%；1997年全国一岁儿童计划免疫接种率，卡介苗为96%，百白破为96%，脊髓灰质炎为97%，麻疹疫苗为95%。

The author also presents the following phenomena which must have significant implications on the mental health of children in many countries in Asia . 1 Nuclearization of the family system and alarming increase of divorce, 2 Reduction of the number of children in a family, 3 Rising number of working mothers and women ? s equal right movement, 4 Lack of opportunity for parents to learn how to raise a child, 5 Steep competition and exclusive emphasis on scholastic achievement in school, 6 Marked changes in value orientations from traditional to modern ones, 7 Confusing and often contradictory advices by "experts" and "professionals" on child rearing and child education, 8 New tides of globalization and confounding co-existence of multi-cultures in most countries and emergences of virtual world, IT and BT industry in some advanced countries, resulting in new forms of psychopathology such as 'internet addiction' and extreme social isolation.Implications of these findings in terms of interventions and prevention for mental health children in developing countries are discussed in developmental, ecological and ethological points of view.

作者提出在大多数亚洲国家存在儿童抚养问题危机，主要依据以下观察：①避孕和意外怀孕②逃避和拒绝抚养，虐待儿童，遗弃幼童③不恰当的早期抚养④不恰当的/不够充分的教育，过度保护和过度控制⑤性别角色和态度改变⑥对智力发展拔苗助长以及学习成绩的压力作者还提出了以下几种现象，它们与亚洲国家的儿童精神健康有着密切关联：①家庭体系核心化和令人担忧的离婚率猛增②家庭成员中儿童数量的减少③职业妇女做母亲及妇女解放运动的兴起④父母亲抚养孩子经验不足⑤学校对学习成绩的过分强调合潜在的竞争压力⑥传统价值观在现代化的冲击中发生明显的变化⑦所谓&专家&和&权威人士&对孩子抚养和教育的观点众说纷纭⑧全球化新潮及多种文化共存的问题，虚拟世界的出现，发达国家 IT 、 BT 工业引发新型精神病理现象如&网络成瘾&和极端的社会隔绝根据这些发现，如何干涉和预防发展中国家的儿童精神健康问题，我们将从精神发育、生物学、行为学观点进行阐述。

Nuclearization of the family system and alarming increase of divorce, 2 Reduction of the number of children in a family, 3 Rising number of working mothers and womens equal right movement, 4 Lack of opportunity for parents to learn how to raise a child, 5 Steep competition and exclusive emphasis on scholastic achievement in school, 6 Marked changes in value orientations from traditional to modern ones, 7 Confusing and often contradictory advices by "experts" and "professionals" on child rearing and child education, 8 New tides of globalization and confounding co-existence of multi-cultures in most countries and emergences of virtual world, IT and BT industry in some advanced countries, resulting in new forms of psychopathology such as 'internet addiction' and extreme social isolation.Implications of these findings in terms of interventions and prevention for mental health children in developing countries are discussed in developmental, ecological and ethological points of view.

作者提出在大多数亚洲国家存在儿童抚养问题危机，主要依据以下观察：①避孕和意外怀孕②逃避和拒绝抚养，虐待儿童，遗弃幼童③不恰当的早期抚养④不恰当的/不够充分的教育，过度保护和过度控制⑤性别角色和态度改变⑥对智力发展拔苗助长以及学习成绩的压力作者还提出了以下几种现象，它们与亚洲国家的儿童精神健康有着密切关联：①家庭体系核心化和令人担忧的离婚率猛增②家庭成员中儿童数量的减少③职业妇女做母亲及妇女解放运动的兴起④父母亲抚养孩子经验不足⑤学校对学习成绩的过分强调合潜在的竞争压力⑥传统价值观在现代化的冲击中发生明显的变化⑦所谓&专家&和&权威人士&对孩子抚养和教育的观点众说纷纭⑧全球化新潮及多种文化共存的问题，虚拟世界的出现，发达国家IT、BT 工业引发新型精神病理现象如&网络成瘾&和极端的社会隔绝根据这些发现，如何干涉和预防发展中国家的儿童精神健康问题，我们将从精神发育、生物学、行为学观点进行阐述。

The second one is about sociality of his views. Professor Zhou's views are interiorly related to children's education, and his attention to children's education shows his recognition of sociality of children.

第二，是其儿童观和儿童文学观的&社会性&，周作人的儿童观和儿童文学观与儿童教育有着天然的联系，而对于儿童教育的重视，正显示了他对儿童社会性的认可。

The welfare homes and some social welfare institutions that also accept orphans oer guardianship and rearing mainly to children who have lost their parents during natural disasters or accidents, and also to those abandoned by their parents because they are seriously or almost irremediably disabled mentally or physically, or because they have contracted a serious illness.

儿童福利院和其他也监护养育部分儿童的社会福利院监护养育的儿童主要是因天灾和不可预测事故失去双亲的孤儿，同时也监护养育因身患难以完全康复的智残、肢残等重残或因严重疾病而被父母遗弃的儿童，目前，这类在院监护养育的儿童共有2万名左右，约占中国未成年人总数的十万分之五左右。

Oer'.'' guardianship and rearing mainly to children who have lost their parents during natural disasters or accidents, and also to those abandoned by their parents because they are seriously or almost irremediably disabled mentally or physically, or because they have contracted a serious illness.

儿童福利院和其他也监护养育部分儿童的社会福利院监护养育的儿童主要是因天灾和不可预测事故失去双亲的孤儿，同时也监护养育因身患难以完全康复的智残、肢残等重残或因严重疾病而被父母遗弃的儿童，目前，这类在院监护养育的儿童共有2万名左右，约占中国未成年人总数的十万分之五左右。

A good children"s recreation environment in their residential areas is an essential transeunt element for the children"s healthy growth. By using the theories of children psychology, environment behavior, andhabitation environment planning, the thesis adopt the method of "theory------demonstration------plan", and analyses the mutual relations of children"s behaviors,the structure of children"s recreation roomage, children and their recreation roomage.

本文从儿童的视角出发，运用儿童心理学、环境行为学、居住区环境设计等理论，采用&理论——实证——策略&的研究思路，对儿童行为心理、居住区儿童活动空间形态构成，以及儿童与活动环境之间的互动关系进行了分析。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。