儿童

The concept, symbolic play deficit in autism, was partly supported by this study. Most of children with autism could gradually develop the capacity of dual representation; and moreover, in the case of high functioning autism, symbol comprehension of triune representation remained intact. Their difficulties are more on the flexibility of functional or symbolic spontaneous play, rather than symbolic comprehension.

总结而论：自闭症儿童游戏能力的缺陷在本研究中得到部分支持，随著年龄成长，他们能逐渐发展出双重表徵的能力，三重表徵的能力发展在高功能自闭症儿童中亦未有困难，自闭症儿童象徵能力的缺陷，仍较集中在自发的功能性或象徵性游戏能力中弹性使用的部份，而非象徵理解的部分。

In the history of psychology,there was a famous argument centering on egocentric speech of children between Piaget and Vygotsky. They disputed over the concepts of egocentrism and psychology development,over the problems of child socialization,etc.

在心理学史上皮亚杰与维果茨基曾经围绕儿童自我中心言语问题展开过一场著名的争论，他们在儿童自我中心主义概念、心理发展观和儿童社会化等问题上存在着根本对立的观点。

According to the relationship to their fathers, these images could be classified into the following types: bastards, the children without a father, the children with Electra complex, patricides and the children looking for their fathers.

以"五四"时期儿童本位观的提出为先导，中国现代文学中出现了具有独立个体特征与审美价值的儿童形象，根据儿童与"父"性的不同关系，这些形象可归纳为无父型、失父型、恋父型、弑父型和寻父型等几种类型。

Results The study showed that all the nutrients intake in 24 hours were more than 100% of the RNI except energy,calcium and zinc, and vitamin A intake of the children in Xi'an were less than 90% of the RNI. No statistical significant difference was found in the prevalence rates of lower weight, retardate development, emaciation, overweight and obesity between ages, regions and genders, and the prevalence rate was 0, 4.2%, 0, 3.3% and 10.0% respectively. Conclusion There are some differences between the preschool children investigated in Beijing and Xi'an.

结果 除能量、钙、锌外，北京和西安幼儿园儿童24 h摄入的各种营养素均能达到参考摄入量标准的100%以上；但西安幼儿园儿童维生素A的24 h摄入量未能达到参考摄入量标准的90%。2地学龄前儿童低体重、发育迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率在年龄、地区和性别上差异均无统计学意义（P值均＞0.05），低体重、生长迟缓、消瘦、超重和肥胖的检出率分别为0，4.2%，0，3.3%和10.0%。

To explore the clinical features of functional enuresis and its psychosocial effects for guiding the intervention.

了解儿童功能性遗尿的临床特点及其对儿童心理行为的影响，为儿童功能性遗尿的干预提供科学依据。

Based philosophically on the role theory of sociology,especially the Symbolica Interaction Theory,namely Role Play by Miller,Impression Management and Drama-imitating Theory by Erving Goffman,as well as the author's long-time teaching experinces and observation through the method of cross-disciplinary research on the previous foreign and domestic research results,the thesis demostrates and analyzes pedagogically,psychologically and administratively the main roles of teachers' in teaching and the regulation of their behaviors.

本次调查通过对流浪儿童的流浪原因，流浪区域，生存状态，成长需求的调查，了解流浪儿童的心智，行为以及长期漂泊形成的复杂的社会关系对其影响等情况，在研究中提出切合实际和可操作性的对策和建议，为政府智能部门指定行之有效的对政策措施提供可靠的依据，推动政府加大救助工作的粒度，为流浪儿童提供法律援助，经济援助，寻找亲人援助，提供受教育援助，不再受到歧视和各种侵害，虐待等，促使其健康成长。

For the children who were moderate exophoric or intermittent exotropia, PALs could not slow down the progression of myopia.

渐进多焦点眼镜对伴内隐斜、正位眼及轻度外隐斜的儿童有控制近视进展的作用，对伴内隐斜的近视儿童尤为明显；对伴中度外隐斜或已有间歇性外斜的近视儿童，未显示近视控制作用。

In games, children are curious, exploring, finding and interacting with surroundings, especially their fancifulness and playing roles in games; they are channels and intermediary for transforming between inner and outer of children.

儿童在游戏中，好奇着，探索着，发现着，与外界实现着互动，特别是儿童自主的幻想与假装，成为儿童在自我内心世界和外部现实世界之间进行从容转换的途径和中介。

In Schumann, Faure and Mussorgsky's works the children's world is seen through adults' eyes. This piece is different because Debussy himself had a child's heart, he lived in children's instinctive world and reflected the world felt by children in his music.

舒曼、佛瑞、穆梭斯基所写的曲子，都是在描述从成人的眼光所见到的儿童世界，本作品与之迥异的是德步西自己具有一颗纯净可爱的赤子之心，生活在儿童直观的世界里，反映了儿童所感觉的世界。

Methods: A retrospective study was conducted using an insurance database from Bureau of Nation Health Insurance - Central regional branch with registered children born in 2001 who received teeth fluoridation and anti-decay program. The difference of utilization of dental care preventive service analysis was based on each individual child's character and required dental treatment. For cost-benefit analysis, children were selected who were eligible receiving or non- receiving this benefit from July 1, 2004 till 2007. Two groups were compared by frequency matching analysis, based on sex, medical provide territories, insured fee. Additional Incremental benefit/cost method of cost-benefit analysis is also conducted to evaluate the service providing cost increasing and dental treatment cost decreasing effectiveness.

研究方法主要系透过健保局中区分局93年至96年儿童牙科医疗费用统计资料，比较90年次出生之儿童接受涂氟预防保健服务之人口学特质及其涂氟前后牙科医疗利用差异；并依该等对象接受涂氟预防保健服务与否区分两组，就其性别、就医地区别与全民健保投保金额组别等予以配对，进一步应用成本效益分析（cost-benefit analysis，CBA）之增量益本比（Incremental benefit/cost method，IBC），探讨儿童牙齿涂氟预防保健服务成本的增加，使牙科医疗费用减少所带来效益的增加为何。

With Death guitarist Schuldiner adopting vocal duties, the band made a major impact on the scene.

随着死亡的吉他手Schuldiner接受主唱的职务，乐队在现实中树立了重要的影响。

But he could still end up breakfasting on Swiss-government issue muesli because all six are accused of nicking around 45 million pounds they should have paid to FIFA.

不过他最后仍有可能沦为瑞士政府&议事餐桌&上的一道早餐，因为这所有六个人都被指控把本应支付给国际足联的大约4500万英镑骗了个精光。