儒家

In theory, traditional ruling by virtue refers to the Confucian ideology and allegation of ruling by virtue; while in practice, it means the feudalism rulers put the Confucian ideology and allegation into use during their ruling and make it concretized and systernized, in order to maintain and consolidate their own rein.

从理论层面上讲，传统德治主要指的就是儒家的德治思想与主张；从实践层面上讲，传统德治就是指封建统治者在其统治过程中将儒家的德治思想与主张加以应用，对其主张进行具体化和制度化，利用它来维护和巩固自己的统治。

It provides the only safe, romantic release from the severe Confucian classic restraint, and humanizes the very humanists themselves ; therefore when a Chinese succeeds, he is always a Confucianist, and when he fails, he is always a Taoist.

唯有道家思想能以安全，浪漫的方式使人从严肃古老的儒家思想的束缚中脱身，并能使他们这些人道主义者更人性化。一个人成功时，他总推崇儒家思想，但他失败时，却会相信道家思想。

Therefore, this article tried to analyze narcissistic character in Chinese main Culture---Confucianism, hoping to get to know about moral idealizing personality in Confucianism more deeply.

为此，作者尝试用精神分析学和社会学的知识对儒家文化的反思之道，希翼加深对代表儒家文化的圣贤人格的理解。

So that this article will focus on the discussion about the goal of moral idealizing personality, the model of projective cognition and self- o bjective interpersonal relationship, an very strong sense of shame and obeying authority in Confucianism.

儒家思想中过份强调理性，贬低情感的&君子&&圣人&的理想人格的社会期待；&人人关系&将&己&作为人际关系中的一点，缺乏对个人承诺所致的&自我客体&式家庭人际关系；&己所不欲，勿施予人&&已欲立而立人&&己欲达而达人&的以&己&为出发点的认知方式；以及儒家&修齐治平&的奋斗目标、过份的耻感和权威崇拜均蕴含有明显的自恋趋向。

It exposes a strong narcissistic tendency which is warm bed of narcissistic personality disorder. Therefore, this article tried to analyze narcissistic character in Chinese main Culture---Confucianism, hoping to get to know about moral idealizing personality in Confucianism more deeply.

这些文化特质往往成为自恋型人格障穠鄑氶C为此，作者尝试用精神分析a和社Na的知识对儒家文化的反思之道，希翼加深对代表儒家文化的圣贤人格的理解。

So that this article will focus on the discussion about the goal of moral idealizing personality, the model of projective cognition and self-objective interpersonal relationship, an very strong sense of shame and obeying authority in Confucianism.

儒家思想中过份强调理性，贬低情感的&君子&&圣人&的理想人格的社会期待；&人人关系&将&己&作为人际关系中的一点，缺乏对个人承诺所致的&自我客体&式家庭人际关系；&己所不欲，勿施予人&&已欲立而立人&&己欲达而达人&的以&己&为出发点的认知方式；以及儒家&修齐治平&的奋斗目标，过份的耻感和权威崇拜均蕴含有明显的自恋趋向。

This article utilized the result from my observation of a group of patients with personality disorder, revealing that this situation in Confucianism is related with the core of itself. So that this article will focus on the discussion about the goal of moral idealizing personality, the model of projective cognition and self-objective interpersonal relationship, an very strong sense of shame and obeying authority in Confucianism.

儒家思想中过分L调理性，贬低情感的&君子&&圣人&的理想人格的社N期待；&人人关系&将&己&作为人关系中的一礡A缺乏对臚H承诺所致的&自我客体&式家庭人关系；&己所不欲，勿施予人&&己欲立而立人&&己欲}而}人&的以&己&为出Y簹认知方式；以及儒家&修治平&的奋斗目标、过分的埸P和权威崇拜均蕴含有明显的自恋趋向。

As early as Before Chin Dynasty, the Confucianists had developed the learning tradition that virtue and truth were emphasized equally. Their learning principle was self-cultivation in both benevolence and wisdom, i.e. moral inquiry.The learning tradition of ancient West mainly means the learning tradition created by Socrates and developed by Plato and Aristotle. It paid close attention to existence and the intrinsic consistence of knowledge and benevolence.The Enlightenment had dual influence on existentialism meaning of learning. For one thing, it created conditions for the liberation of human. The call for ration, freedom and democracy aroused inquiry spirit in education. For another,"subject-object" dualism looked oh scientific knowledge as rigid object truth, and human mind became "mirror" to reflect the objective reality. So education degenerated into knowledge indoctrinating and skills training. It depressed inquiry spirit and human creative personality.

先秦以来儒家的学习传统是强调真理与德性并重，儒家的学习原则是仁智双修，德性探究；古代西方的学习传统，主要是指由苏格拉底所开创，经柏拉图、亚里士多德继承和发展的关注人的生存、追求知识与&善&的内在一致性的学习传统；启蒙运动一方面为在教育中实现人的解放创造了条件，对理性、自由和民主的呼唤催生了教育中的探究精神，但另一方面，启蒙理性的&主-客体&二元论性格，使得科学知识变成僵化的客观真理，人的心灵变成反映客观实在的&镜子&，教育由此退变为知识灌输和技能训练的过程，压抑了探究精神和人的创造个性。

The person who holds this kind of view will often equate modernization with Occidentalizing (the modern new the Confucian schools will mostly hold this view).

也有人认为儒家人本思想现代化就在于&援西入儒&，要继承西方启蒙精神的自由、理性、人权等基本价值，持这种观点者往往将现代化等同于西化(现代新儒家大都持此观点)。

Japan is a country deeply influenced by Confucianist culture, yet only assimilates politic ethics selectively in accordance with its governing, whereas in aspect of moral ethics, it deviates from or even repulses Confucianism extensively.

日本是深受儒家文化影响的国家，但实际上只吸收了有益于统治的部分政治伦理，而在传统人伦关系的很多方面排斥和背离了儒家伦理。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。