儒家

Through the study of the history of ideas of Confucianism, especially the re-recognition, Xu Fuguan believe that Chinese culture did not appear in democratic politics, it appears to be the biggest blot on the Chinese culture.

通过对思想史的研究尤其是对儒家思想的重新体认，徐复观认为，中国文化中没有出现民主政治，这似乎是中国文化的最大污点。

The analysis can be divided into three parts: stress from education system, stress from Confucius value, and stress from parents.

对结果的分析大致分为三个方面：来自教育制度的压力、来自根深蒂固的儒家教育思想的压力、家长给予的压力。

The period from the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-1895 to the May 4* Movement sees a turning point of traditional Confucian ideology to its modernity.

从甲午到五四，是中国现代思想史上传统的儒家意识形态向现代性的&转型时代&。

To be specific, the thesis will take the novelist and his works as an integer by putting them into the transformation of the society, its social-historical thoughts and culture context, by observing the novelist and his works from thoughts resources to the development, from the thematic diachronic evolvement to the synchronic cultural comparison, from the innate writing talents to the unavoidable psychological dilemma, and therefore, grasp the research object wholly.

寻根探源历来是研究作家创作思想的重要方法和不可或缺的步骤，但当前对张炜小说创作&思想资源&的研究却不多见。本文认为，张炜小说创作的&思想资源&多元而丰富：儒家文化的入世情怀与仁爱思想，道家文化的天人合一与自为自在精神，鲁迅的启蒙观念与理性精神，俄国文学的道德理想与苦难意识，民间文化自由与奔放的人间情怀，及以&焦虑&、&绝望&为认知特征的现代西方哲学等等，都对张炜小说创作思想的形成、发展产生了重要影响。

Lijiang hole through music has not only retained the Qingli Han Jiangnan string and wind tone, and糅Naxi folk music into the rough, rough style, and form a very unique style, it is in fact a confluence of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and religious Tech music, also known as the "Confucian-based fine-Lok Wai."

丽江洞经音乐中既保留有汉族江南丝竹的清丽韵味，又糅进了纳西族民间乐曲粗犷、豪放的风格，形成十分独特的格调，它实际上是一种儒释道合流的宗教性科仪音乐，也称为&雅集型儒家细乐&。

The data showed that the comprador, overseas Chineses and the gentry who have studied overseas were the first group who introduced the steam filature. And those got their title throught the imperial examinations and embraced Confucianism most deeply, were the latest one.

资料显示，那些买办出身的士绅和具有留洋经历的士绅是国内最早的技术引进者；而那些通过科举考试获得功名、受儒家文化影响更深的传统士绅则较晚介入机器缫丝业——但在不同地区呈现显著差异。

This idea with self-cultivation as the core, outward of which is self-cultivation, family-regulation, state-ruling and world-governance, inward of which is studying things, induction by conscience, sincerity and impartial heart, eliminated the personal and social barriers and the subjective and objective gap, reaching the spiritual realm of Integrating the inside and the outside.

《大学》作为儒家哲学的一部重要的经典文本，揭示了以修身为根本，修身、齐家、治国、平天下为一体的选德思想，这种思想以修身为中心，向外则是齐家、治国、平天下，向内则是格物、致知、诚意、正心，由此而消除了个人与社会之间的隔阂，主观与客观之间的隔阂，达到&合内外&的精神境界。

Inside the historic phenomenon of Li-hsueh's development, the internal spirit of Confucius developed from reserving morality and returning to the essence of the Li-hsueh of Song dynasty, to the acting of essence and self-realizing of the Li-hsueh of Ming dynasty, and pointed to the establishment of subject.

在理学历史演进的现象背后，是儒家哲学内在精神由宋代理学的存养德性、复归本体开始、发展为明代理学本体开显、自我实现并且指向主体建立的历史进程。

Jian Zhen's essay focuses not on the seeking for the reform of society,but on the seeking for self-culti-vating of inner world and self-perfecting of morality with a detached and open-minded attitude,which is greatly influenced by Taoist school;her loyalty to love and duty of reality embodies the marking of the Confucianist culture.

简媜散文表达的重心不在求取社会的改造，而是在于追求内心的自我修炼和道德的自我完善，对世事采取超然豁达的态度，深受道释之影响；而她对爱情的忠贞以及现实责任的强调，又显现了儒家文化的深刻刻痕。

To conclude, the dissertation explores the four characteristics of the peace ideas in ancient China: internationalism based upon the consciousness of cultural superiority, conciliationaliasm derived from the Doctrine of the mean, moralistism seeking for perfectionism, and introversion concerning self-guard.

归纳起来，中国古代以儒家为代表的和平理念有五个基本特征，即基于文化优势的世界主义精神、源于中庸之道的调和主义取向、追求至善的道德主义精神、以长城为象征的保守内倾性性格、基于实用主义的权变取向。

This one mode pays close attention to network credence foundation of the businessman very much.

这一模式非常关注商人的网络信用基础。

Cell morphology of bacterial ghost of Pasteurella multocida was observed by scanning electron microscopy and inactivation ratio was estimated by CFU analysi.

扫描电镜观察多杀性巴氏杆菌细菌幽灵和菌落形成单位评价遗传灭活率。