儒家

by analyzing internal and exterior factors working on the validity of professional sports service production institution, the paper concludes that on the one hand, with ectogenic, compellent, defective structure low maneuverability and human degree in the chinese professional sports production institutions, which result in low validity of professional sports production institution in china; on the other hand, for the whole nation systems and common property right dominated by china government, china economy systems' transition, confucian culture that pays more attention to academic knowledge, whereas despise on physical force, which greatly influence the efficiency of professional sports service production institution.

摘 要：通过分析影响竞技体育生产制度有效性的内在因素和外部因素，得出：一方面，中国竞技体育生产制度由于其外生与强制性、制度结构欠缺、可执行性程度低、人性化程度差等原因导致其制度有效性低，另一方面，中国政府主导的&举国体制&和竞技体育的公共产权、中国经济体制转轨、&重文轻体&的儒家文化极大地影响竞技体育生产制度效率的发挥。

The origin of the mother-in-law power was in the endogamous tradition ;the son was obliged to take his wife from the mother's clan and the wife insisted that secondary wives should be her sisters .

在儒家的尊卑长幼的等级观念里，妻子拥有和丈夫的第二个妻子同等的权力。

The research about it, most scholars only from the perspective of ideology and culture study to erplore it, but do not link it with realistic society nowadays, and do not evert its realistical significance well.

传统德主刑辅思想是儒家思想文化的重要组成部分，对它的研究，大多数学者通常仅从思想文化的角度进行探索，而没有真正地把德主刑辅思想与当今现实社会密切结合起来，使它的现实意义得到充分发挥。

He also puts forward the proposals to eliminate rites, music and funerals as an opposition of the rites, and music culture and elaborate funeral of Confucianism, while expostulating on saving expenditure in order to lighten the people's burden.

他还提出了&非乐&、&节用&、&节葬&的主张，反对儒家的礼乐文化和厚葬风尚，劝戒统治者节约用度，以减轻人民的负担。

As the nucleus of the tradition culture, the ideas of Ru and Dao have fargoing effect on the whole Chinese. They decide the development of the literature .

作为传统文化核心的儒家、道家哲学思想对整个中华民族有着极为深远的影响，它左右着文学的发展。

Hard as it is to pin a definitive Iabel on it ,for it is both the mother virture and leading verture of all other virtures, it has featly serve as the mighty pillar for Confucianism's moral building with love and reciprocity providing the tone work.

很难为儒家道德下个权威的定义，因为她是道德的源泉，并引领着其他的道德。其中博爱，和谐是孔子道德体系的强大支柱。

By poring over Jiang Jingai' s life, emotional experiences and novels, we can see that the edifying instillation of her docile and forbearing mother, the spirit of loyalty, filiality, chastity and justice in Chinese classical novels and the gentle courteous Confucianism imperceptibly but profoundly influenced her to abide by and inherit the conventional women' s ethics no matter in familial life or practical creation.

通过对作家生活与情感经历、小说文本的细读可知，母亲温顺隐忍和任劳任怨之精神的言传身教、中国古典小说忠孝节义、温良恭俭之儒家思想的熏陶，使姜敬爱在家庭生活和创作实践中都能够禀受并传承传统女性的道德规范。

In Chapter Five, I evaluate Feng Menglong"s view on education based on emotion. First, Feng Menglong emphasized "emotion" in his view on education influenced by philosophic idea -"Emotion is center" in late Ming Dynasty. Therefore his view was of distinct character of the time. Second, the purpose of Feng Menglong"s emphasizing emotion was not only to release natural desires of human beings but to find a new theoretical background for "Loyalty, Filiality, Morality and Justice" of Confucianism.

在前四章分析的基础上，我们应首先看到，冯梦龙&情教观&对&情&的肯定，深受晚明&主情论&哲学思潮的影响，因而呈现出鲜明的时代性；其次，我们还应当看到，冯梦龙肯定&情&的最终目的，在于为&忠孝节义&的儒家人伦寻找新的理论支点，而不仅仅为了张扬人的自然欲望，冯梦龙&情教观&标志着晚明时期&情&学思潮发展的转向，标志着&情&、&理&关系由对立渐趋融合。

From the angle of intrinsic cultural tradition, this phenomenon has much to do with Chinese formalistic understanding on Confucianism and the characteristics of traditional human society.

从文化传统本源审视，这一现象与国人对儒家道德主张的形式化理解、以及我国传统人伦社会的特征紧密联系。

They were indentified as examples who promoted the country societies to think highly of cultures and gibing presents to their elders and to change corrupt customs, which made people acted spontaneously under the leading of Confucian thoughts and turned to shape good social customs spontaneously.

隋唐时期乡村社会势力在乡村传播儒学和改变民风方面起着积极作用，他们以榜样的力量带动乡村社会重视文化和孝行，改变陋习，使乡民自发的行为有了儒家思想的指导，转向自觉塑造良好的社会风气。

Do you know, i need you to come back

你知道吗，我需要你回来

Yang yinshu、Wang xiangsheng、Li decang,The first discovery of haemaphysalis conicinna.

1〕 杨银书，王祥生，李德昌。安徽省首次发现嗜群血蜱。