催化的

Then, an ideal random-packed-sphere model with simple cubic, body-centered cubic and face-centered cubic structures is presented to predicate the specific protonic and electronic conductivities of the catalyst layers. A correlation equation of the specific conductivity is obtained and the model is validated by the good agreement between the calculations and the measured data.

然后，分别用简单立方、体心立方和面心立方三种自由堆积球结构首次建立了描述催化层有效质子和电子传导率的理论预测模型，分析了电解质本体电导率、球半径、接触系数和接触角对质子传导的影响，得出催化层有效质子和电子传导率的计算公式，模拟结果与实验数据吻合良好，证实了模型的有效性。

The results show that the reaction can be completed in shorter time and lower temperature while PEG is used as the phase transfer catalyst. The dropping point of product can reach about 165℃, this proves that the method of using PEG as phase transfer catalyst to produce rice bran wax calcium soap is effective.

试验结果表明采用PEG相转移催化制糠蜡钙皂可使反应在较短的时间和较低的温度下进行完全，并可使产品的主要指标滴点达到165℃左右，证明PEG相转移催化法是制糠蜡钙皂的有效方法。

Ferric nitrate and cupric nitrate can catalyze carbonization process. It is discovered that the catalyst dispersion on alkaline surface is poor through catalyst adsorption study.

对单元催化炭化过程的研究发现，铁、铜的硝酸盐对炭化过程有催化作用，能够减缓炭化过程中挥发份的最大析出速度，有利于各向同性炭前驱体的形成。

Ferric chloride catalyzed direct conversion of carbonyl compounds to the corresponding chloride with silicon hydride ( dichloromethylsilane , chlorodiphenylsilane or trichlorosilane) was realized.

在甲基二氯硅烷作用下，FeCl3能催化羰基化合物的还原氯代反应，得到相应的氯代产物；在甲基二氯硅烷、PBr3或NaI作用下，FeCl3可以催化羰基化合物的还原溴代或碘代反应，分别以良好的收率得到相应的溴代烷或碘代烷

Chiral ligands mentioned above and their complexes with acetate copper were used as enantio-selective catalysts in asymmetric cyclopropanation reactions of diazoacetate and 1,1-diphenyl ethylene. Investigations indicate that all of them reveal certain optical-selective capability, but chiral C2-symmetric 2,6-bispyridine ligands show better catalytic capability than chiral asymmetric schifF-base ligands.

选择了2个手性2，6-吡啶双噁唑啉配体和6个手性不对称席夫碱配体与醋酸铜形成的配合物作为催化剂，对重氮乙酸乙酯与1，1-二苯乙烯不对称环加成进行催化反应，发现这8个催化剂对1，1-二苯乙烯的不对称环丙烷化反应都表现出了一定的光学活性诱导能力，手性2，6-吡啶双噁唑啉-铜类具有比手性Schiff碱-铜类更好的催化性能。

The phase equilibrium data of SBO-FAME-Methanol, SBO-FAEE-Ethanol and Glycerol-FAEE-Ethanol systems were measured. The results indicated that it involved two different stages: liquid-liquid-solid reaction stage and liquid-solid reaction stage. When the molar ratio of methanol to oil is 12:1 at 65℃, the turning point is at a 55% biodiesel yield. The liquid-liquid-solid reaction model was proposed based on the double-membranes theory. It indicated that the process is reaction and mass transfer controlled together at the first stage, and the second stage is reaction controlled. The predictions of the model are matched with the experimental results.In the end, the acid was extracted using methanol and ethanol from jatropha curcas l oil.

测定了生物柴油制备过程中的SBO-FAME-Methanol、SBO-FAEE-Ethanol、Glycerol-FAEE-Ethanol三组分相平衡数据，表明固体碱催化过程分为液-液-固和液-固两个反应阶段，在醇油摩尔比为12：1、65℃的初始反应条件下，转化率达到55%时，为第一阶段向第二阶段的转折点；基于双膜理论建立了固体碱催化制备生物柴油的非均相液-液-固反应模型，表明两个反应阶段分别为传质、反应共同控制和反应控制，模型计算值与实验值吻合较好。

For the study on the disk-shaped membrane reactor, the catalytic performance ofSCFZ membrane material in a fixed-bed reactor, the oxygen permeability of SCFZmembranes in air/He gradients, and the catalytic results of methane in the membranereactors with or without NiO/〓 catalyst packing were investigated in details.

在片式膜反应器研究方面，系统考察了SCFZ膜材料在固定床反应器中的催化性能、SCFZ片式膜在Air／He气氛下的氧渗透性能、以及填充和不填充NiO／〓催化剂的片式膜反应器的甲烷催化反应结果。

Solid state NMR can provide unique and important information on the structure of solid catalysts, and the configuration and motion of adsorbates as well as the sequence of reaction steps.

固体催化剂结构和性质的表征，特别是吸附分子与催化剂表面的相互作用及其动态行为和催化反应过程的机理研究等，是研究多相催化体系的重要方面。

The experiments for determining the reaction kinetics of Daqing atmospheric residue were performed in a continuous flow, expanded bed rector. Four-lumped reaction kinetic model was developed to account for various feed and product fractions of Daqing atmospheric residue (gases, gas oil, residue and coke). The amounts of olefins and alkyls in the gas products were further analyzed to determine reaction kinetics of gas product distributions. Hence, a combined five-lumped reaction kinetic model was obtained for catalytic pyrolysis of Daqing atmospheric residue. The kinetic constants both in four-lump model and five-lump model were evaluated. A simulator for catalytic pyrolysis process was developed by incorporating the five-lumped kinetic model into the hydrodynamic flow model.

其次利用改进的固定流化床装置考察大庆常压渣油催化裂解反应规律，筛选反应工艺参数；分析了催化裂解工艺存在的主要化学反应类型，提出了渣油一次反应和二次反应网络图；将反应原料油作为单独集总组分，而将产品中的轻质油、气体、焦炭分别作为集总，从而建立了四集总动力学模型；在此基础上，把气体产物中的目的产物低碳烯烃独立划分，得到五集总动力学模型；采用最小二乘法分析实验数据，分别得到四集总动力学模型和五集总动力学模型中各集总间相互反应转化的反应速率常数。

A method was developed for synthesis of DBP catalyzed with non-proton acid and the result showed that aluminum oxide can be used to synthesize dibutyl phthalate characterized with high reaction activity,good selectivity and high rate of conversion,but less environmental pollution.

通过研究非质子酸催化合成增塑剂邻苯二甲酸二丁酯的方法，探讨了合成的最佳工艺条件。实验结果表明，Al2O3催化酯化合成邻苯二甲酸二丁酯具有反应时间短、反应活性和选择性好、产率高、无环境污染等优点、是理想的合成DBP的催化剂。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！