催化的

CA-CTSs including N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan,N,O-1-carboxyethyl chitosan (N,O-1-CEC),N,O-2-carboxyethyl chltosan(N,O-2-CEC),N-carboxymethyl chitosan and N-1-carboxyethyl chitosan(N-1-CEC) are quaternized using active quaternary salts prepared in laboratory.5 series including 25 kinds amphoteric chitosans characterized with polymeric ampholyte,in which 24 kinds are synthesized firstly,are obtained, 2-Hydroxypropyl dimethylbenzyl ammonium N,O-(1-carboxyethyl) chitosan chloride (GDMBA-N,O-1-CEC) is hydrolyzed into serial low molecular weight GDMBA-N, O-1-CEC with acid as catalyst and microwave as assistant instrumentality innovately.

以合成的活性季铵盐改性了N，O-羧甲基壳聚糖、N，O-1-羧乙基壳聚糖(N，O-1-CEC)、N，O-2-羧乙基壳聚糖(N，O-2-CEC)、N-羧甲基壳聚糖和N-1-羧乙基壳聚糖(N-1-CEC)等羧烷基壳聚糖，得到5个系列25种具有两性高分子电解质特征的新季铵化羧烷基壳聚糖，其中24种为首次合成；创新提出以微波辅助酸催化的方法催化2-羟丙基二甲基苄基-N，O-(1-羧乙基)壳聚糖氯化铵(GDMBA-N，O-1-CEC)水解，得到了低分子量的GDMBA-N，O-1-CEC。

Cytochrome P450 BM-3 (CYP102) from Bacillus megaterium catalyzes the subterminal hydroxylation of long-chain fatty acids (C12 to C20) at the positions ω-1,ω-2,ω-3 and the epoxidation of unsaturated fatty acids. Artificial mutants of P450 BM-3 also hydroxylate substrates like short-chain fatty acids (C8 to C10), alkanes, cycloalkanes, heteroarenes and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, which offers potential applications in the pharmaceutical industry, environmental measurement and bioremediation and chemical industry.

细胞色素P450BM-3来源于Bacillus megaterium，能催化长链脂肪酸C_(12-C_(20)的次末端(ω-1，ω-2，ω-3)羟化及不饱和脂肪酸的环氧化，其突变体催化的底物拓展到中链的脂肪酸C_8-C_(10、烷烃、环烷烃、杂环烃、多环芳烃等，因此在医药工业、环境检测和修复及化学工业具有广阔的前景。

This thesis mainly focused on the sidearm effects in catalytic Wittig-type olefination and catalytic asymmetric 1, 3-dipolar cycloaddition between nitrones and alkylidene malonates.

本文主要研究了催化的叶立德烯基化反应及催化的不对称1，3偶极加成反应中的边臂效应。在论文的第一部分，我们设计、合成了聚乙二醇负载的烷基碲化合物33(Bu-Te-PEG-Te-Bu)。

HCo 〓-catalyzed hydroformylation and isomerization of allene and propyne Allene hydroformylation favors the linear anti-Markovnikov product in high regioselectivity both kinetically and thermodynamically. The origin of this regioselectivity comes from the enhanced stability of the η〓-allylic intermediate (η〓-CH〓CHCH〓 Co 〓.

HCo〓催化的丙二烯和丙炔氢甲酰化反应及异构化反应 HCo〓催化丙二烯氢甲酰化反应的区域选择性主要由不可逆的丙二烯插入步骤决定，动力学和热力学因素都有利于形成anti-Markovnikov中间物种(η〓-CH〓CHCH〓)Co〓，形成Markovnikov中间物种Co〓是不具有竞争性的。

This thesis mainly studied on sulfamic acid catalyzed Cross-Aldol condensation, direct amidation of benzhydryl alcohol; solid base catalyzed synthesis of bisindoles was also discussed.

本论文主要讨论了磺氨酸催化下的Cross-Aldol反应；二苯甲醇的胺化反应；固体碱氟磷灰石催化的双吲哚甲烷衍生物的合成。

Synthesis and liquid crystalline behavior of three recently reported mesogenic block-molecules,namely polyhydroxy 1-benzoylaminopropane-2,3-diols Ⅰ,star-shaped pentaerythritol tetrabenzoates Ⅱ and calamitic bolaamphiphiles with lateral chains Ⅲ which are constituted of anisometric block,amphiphilic block and alkyl or perfluorinated chains with different topologies are reviewed in this article.

这些分子由各向异性嵌段、两亲性嵌段和烷基链以不同的拓扑形式组合而成，其合成的关键步骤是Pd(0)催化下碘代全氟烷烃对双键的自由基加成反应以及Pd(0)催化的偶合反应。

The reactivities of the phenyl boronic acids containing di-, tri-fluoro substituents with pyridyl bromide were investigated in different catalyst system.

利用钯催化的SUZUKI偶联反应，以氟取代的苯硼酸与2-溴吡啶为原料合成了系列新的邻吡啶芳香化合物，研究了二及三氟取代的苯硼酸与溴代吡啶在不同催化体系中的反应性质。

For certain reactions, they function as chemoenzymes and produce both good chemical and optical yields. Over the last decade a wide range of C〓-symmetric chiral bisoxazoline ligands have been synthesized from readily available diacid derivatives and amino alcohols.

但是，手性双噁唑啉催化的某些不对称反应的机理以及影响双噁唑啉分子催化性能的结构要素目前仍不是很清楚，诱导某些反应的不对称选择性仍有待于进一步提高，因此需设计和合成新的双噁唑啉类配体。

Using 10 as the catalyst, six prochiral ketone s were reduced enantioselectively with borane and the results were compared with those with 1,1- diphenylprolinol as catalys.

用10催化6种前手性酮的不对称硼烷还原反应，其结果与-二苯基脯氨醇催化的同一反应的结果进行了对比。

In the process of reaction of the catalyst, the metal contained in it is introduced in a molecular state into the substance catalyzed (nitro-cellulose).

这种新催化剂是将起催化作用的金属以分子状态引进到被催化的物质之中——硝棉铅，它是金属高聚物的一种。

In the United States, chronic alcoholism and hepatitis C are the most common ones.

在美国，慢性酒精中毒，肝炎是最常见的。

If you have any questions, you can contact me anytime.

如果有任何问题，你可以随时联系我。