催化的

Alkylamine reaction with dialkyl cyanodithioiminocarbonate was catalyzed by quaternary ammonium salts at room temperature to yield 3-alkylamine-5-amino-1,2,4-triazole in good quality and high yields. After imidization and reaction with an α,β-unsaturated acid derivative, the reaction intermediate was hydrolyzed in the presence of a Lewis acid to obtain the target product.

烷基胺与氰基亚胺硫代二甲酯在季氨盐催化作用下得到质量好、收率高的3-烷氨基-5-氨基-1，2，4-三氮唑，进一步经过亚胺中间体并与α，β-不饱和酸酯作用后，中间产物在Lewis酸催化作用下水解得到三唑嘧啶酮。

Nsted acid ionic liquids were inactive for the alkylation of isobutane with butene.In contrast,the chloroaluminate ioni c liquids were very active for the alkylation.However,the qualities of the alkylate oils using chloroaluminate ionic liquids were unsatisfied and worse than that of the products in the industrial sulfuric acid process obviously.

发现：所制备Bronsted酸离子液体无催化烷基化反应活性；而氯铝酸离子液体则具有很高的催化烷基化反应活性，但所得烷基化油质量较差，明显低于工业硫酸法水平。

In this paper a tube wall reactor has been studied for the catalytic oxidation of benzene to maleic anhydride.

以苯催化氧化制顺酐的反应为研究对象，对管壁式催化反应器进行了研究。

Under an atmospheric pressure of H2, the conversion of m-phenoxy benzaldehyde was beyond 99% after 12 h of reaction at 40℃.

以间苯氧基苯甲醛催化加氢反应为模型反应，研究了Pt和Pd金属纳米粒子的催化反应性能。

The results show that the decalescence of catalyst bed affects the process of hydrogen peroxide catalytic decomposition greatly. If the catalyst bed is preheated or made up of materials with low thermal conductivity, that influence can be depressed. At the same time, the response characteristic of catalyst bed and the efficiency of catalytic decomposition can be improved. The low frequency pressure instability of catalyst bed occurs because of the coupling of catalytic decomposition and supplying. The decomposition plane pushes all the way through the catalyst bed during pressure oscillations, causing unreacted liquid hydrogen peroxide to be exhausted from the bed and leading to the appearance of liquid hydrogen peroxide channeling. Consequently, how to prevent or at least limit this channeling is the key to eliminate the pressure instability of catalyst bed. It was found that adding clapboard to the catalyst bed can depress the pressure instability efficiently.

结果表明催化剂床及催化剂的吸热对过氧化氢分解过程影响很大，对催化剂床进行预热或采用热导率低的材料制造催化剂床等措施，可以降低催化剂床壁面吸热对催化分解过程的影响，提高催化剂床的响应特性和催化分解效率；催化剂床的低频不稳定是催化分解过程与供应系统耦合产生的，催化剂床气体界面的波动过程中，液体过氧化氢穿透催化剂床形成过氧化氢液体通道，过氧化氢液体通道的产生和扩大是催化剂床不稳定的主要原因，也是消除催化剂床不稳定的关键，试验中在催化剂床内加入分流板成功地抑制了催化剂床的低频不稳定。

The work described in this thesis provides valuable information both for controlling the microstructure and tailoring the surface reactivity of CNF. It is evident that the reproducible and well-performed catalyst can be obtained based on a well fundamental understanding of the surface structure and surface reactivity of CNF.

通过本文的研究表明纳米碳纤维作为一种新型碳材料在催化领域的应用潜力，显示出纳米碳纤维微结构的控制和表面化学性质的调变都将对催化性能产生的影响，建立纳米碳纤维的催化性能与催化剂结构及其调变手段的关系是至关重要的。

The prepared powders were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, FTIR, N_2 adsorption, Fluorescence spectroscopy, etc. N-doped TiO_2 evidently shows its absorbance shoulder shift into visible light region. Moreover, N-doping retards the transition of TiO_2 from anatase to rutile type as well as restrains the growth of the crystal size which leads to less decrease of surface area. These characteristics are considered to benefit the photoactivity of TiO_2; When all the samples were applied to the photodecomposition of Methylene Blue under visible light(λ＞400 nm), the N-doped TiO_2 show an obvious superiority when compared to the undoped TiO_2, the active hydroxyl groups are found to play a important role in this high photoactivity; When the same experiment was performed under UV light, all the samples show the consistent sequence of photoactivity as in the visible light.

通过UV-Vis、XRD、BET、IR、FL等表征手段测试表明：掺氮不仅使TiO_2的光吸收区域拓展到可见光区，而且有利于延缓TiO_2晶相的转换，从而抑止了高温煅烧下所引起的晶粒增大以及比表面积的降低，且氮源浓度越高，此现象越明显，这些特征都有利于催化剂光催化活性的提高；在主波长大于400nm的可见光催化亚甲基蓝实验当中，掺氮TiO_2的光催化活性明显优越于未掺氮样品，亚甲基蓝在90min内达到88％的脱色率。

The E-TOF will also be feasible and practical to assist chemists in screening the optimal reaction condition or evaluating the overall efficiency of different catalytic systems for a specific asymmetric reaction.4.For the first time,we explored chiralγ-hydroxy-α,β-acetylenic esters,which were prepared via asymmetric alkynylation,as key intermediates to the synthesis of chiralγ-butyrolactones. This convergent and enantioselective approach to chiralγ-butyrolactones is practical and easily handled with protecting group free.

这一概念包括反应产率、对映选择性、配体用量以及反应时间四个重要反应参数，不仅适用同一反应不同催化体系的横向综合性评价，而且适用于某一特定反应催化体系的优化过程，有助于研究人员选择最佳的反应条件。4、我们发展了以手性γ-羟基-α，β-炔酸酯为关键中间体完成了手性γ-丁内酯类天然产物的对映立体选择性全合成，该关键中间体能够以我们的催化体系方便的对映选择性合成，之后的官能团转换方法成熟，易于操作，无需进行繁琐的官能团保护和脱保护过程，绿色经济。

Our purpose is simulating the catalytical action of enzyme in biologic system, so we can directly investigate the factors relating to the functions of enzyme by studying the catalyzing behavior of model molecules imitating enzyme\'s functions. And it is a base of synthesizing high performance model enzyme.

从得到的实验数据我们可以看出：锌是酯水解反应的活性中心；并且金属中心相同时，配位数相同的配合物，结构越简单，其催化酯水解效果越好；含有配位不饱和金属中心的锌配合物表现出更好的催化效果；配合物中咪唑基团的存在可有效的增强这个配合物催化酯水解的效果。

The advantages of catalytic synthesis of oxalate ester in gaseous phase by carbon monoxide are summarized. The five important characterization of our patent technology invented for the use of industrial raw material and the potential good economic value of the process are presented. It indicates that study and development of catalytic synthesis of oxalate ester .oxalic acid as well as glycols by natural gas in gaseous phase have a great advantage for full utilization of natural gas....

概述了&CO气相催化合成草酸酯&技术的先进性，介绍用工业性原料为主要内容的专利技术：&气相催化合成草酸酯连续工艺&的五个主要特点及其潜在的经济效益，并指出，用天然气经合成气进行气相催化合成草酸酯和草酸、乙二醇的研究与开发，可使天然气得到充分的利用，具有很好的经济效益，是天然气化工综合利用的一条有效途经，也是当代C1化学的重要发展方向。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！