催化的

The effects of the composition of catalyst (the structure and amount of bident ligand and strong acid, the cocatalytic activity of Cu〓, the roles of methanol and phenol etc.) and the copolymerization condition (the reaction time, temperature, amount of ST and CO, the structure and amount of dilution reagent etc.) on catalytic activity were studied in detail. Also the optimum copolymerization condition was chosen.

深入考察了催化体系组成（含氮双齿配体的结构与用量、强酸的结构与用量、铜盐的助催化作用、醇类与酚类化合物的作用等）和沉淀共聚反应条件（共聚反应的温度与时间、稀释剂结构与用量、苯乙烯与一氧化碳量等）对该共聚反应的催化活性的影响，优化共聚反应的聚合条件。

The observational and calculated results are well matched. The calculated mean diameter, mean square-root diameter, mean cube -root diameter and liquid water content are all well matched with the observational results; In the paper two examples have been analyzed by using the seeding region data and the possible affecting region data in leeward region. It is found that F-100, 2dc, and 2dp's particle concentrations increase in leeward region, but rising extent is different, which is likely to be due to difference of seeding effect time.

拟合值和观测值吻合的较好，计算出的平均直径、均方根直径、均立方根直径和粒子浓度与观测值也比较吻合；本文对两组个例的催化影响区域及可能采集到相应值的下风方区域进行了分析，催化下风向影响区的F-100、2DC、2DP的粒子浓度比背景值都有所增加，但是增加的幅度不同，应该是催化响应时间的原因。

Both catalytic activity and selectivity of Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2 were improved in ionic liquid BMImPF_6/DME medium.The conversion of hexene and selectivity ofβ-adduct for the hydrosilylation reaction of 1-hexene with triethoxysilane catalyzed by Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2 in ionic liquid BMImPF_6DME (V/V=1/4) medium at 90℃were 100% and 89.0%,respectively.

实验结果表明，在乙二醇二甲醚/离子液体1-丁基-3-甲基咪唑六氟磷酸盐(BMImBF_6)(V/V =1/4)介质中，于90℃下，己烯与三乙氧基硅烷反应的转化率为100%，β加成物的选择性可达89.0%，而用Rh(PPh_3)_3Cl作为反应的催化剂，在纯离子液体BMImPF_6中，就可以高效催化烯烃与三乙氧基氢硅烷的加成反应，过渡金属Rh(PPh_3)_3Cl，Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2催化剂/离子液体BMImPF_6催化体系，不仅解决了产物与催化剂分离困难这一难题，同时，离子液体BMImPF_6的存在提高了过渡金属Rh(PPh_3)_3Cl，Ru(PPh_3)_3Cl_2催化硅氢加成反应的活性，特别是β加成物的选择性。

This paper focuses on the stability study of Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697 when used for the methanolysis of renewable oils for biodiesel production. The results showed that water content was important for achieving high catalytic activity and good stability of the biocatalyst. The optimum water content was found to be 5%-15%. Both particle size and desiccation methods showed no obvious effect on the stability of the biocatalyst. With GA cross-linking pretreatment, the stability of the biocatalyst could be improved significantly. When Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697 repeatedly used for next batch reaction, direct vacuum filtration was found to be a good way for the maintenance of good stability of the biocatalyst.

本实验对固定化全细胞Rhizopus oryzae IFO4697催化植物油脂合成生物柴油的稳定性进行了系统地研究，结果表明：反应体系水含量对于全细胞催化剂的反应活性和催化稳定性有重要影响， 5%~15%含水量适宜；研究范围内，载体粒度及干燥方式对稳定性影响不显著；经过戊二醛交联后，全细胞催化油脂甲醇解反应的稳定性显著提高， 1200 h反应后，仍然可以保持75%的生物柴油得率；真空抽滤直接回用的方式有利于稳定性的保持。

Also the performance of this modified electrode was compared with sodium molybdate modified platinum electrode. The cyclic voltammetry tests show that phosphomolybdic acid modified platinum electrode can increase the catalytic activity for methanol oxidation and it is almost the same as the mono-molybdate (Na2MoO4) modified Pt electrode does. This promote effect mainly comes from the transformation of different valency of molybdenum.

通过循环伏安和计时电流法研究了该修饰电极对甲醇氧化的电催化活性和抗中间产物的毒化作用，并比较了该修饰电极与其单酸盐(Na2MoO4)修饰铂电极的性能，测试结果表明：磷钼酸修饰铂电极能够提高对甲醇氧化反应的催化活性，基本上同其单酸盐Na2MoO4修饰铂电极的催化活性相当，并且这种促进作用主要是由Mo原子价态变化引起的。

At present, film photocatalytic is studied mostly for treating with water pollution. Because the film will not bring the secondary pollution, and can be used again. ZnO film and TiO_2 film is mostly used as photocatalyzer, but they have some disadvantage, as they can only absorb little of the sun-light energy, the photoluminescence exciton compounds mostly, and they can be eroded easily by light. Complex semiconductor film is a good method to ravel out these problems.

目前，在光催化治理水污染方面，膜的光催化是一个研究的热点，因为膜催化不存在二次污染且便于回收和重复利用，研究较多的是ZnO薄膜和TiO_2薄膜，但是单一组分的薄膜存在光能利用率低，光激子复合率高，易发生光腐蚀等缺点，复合膜是解决该问题的有效途径，我们提出了全新的复合薄膜的制备方法—混合溶胶法。

Considerable attention has really been focused on ionic liquids as "green" alternatives to classical environmentally damaging organic solvents in many fields such as in organosynthesis, material, catalysis, electrochemistry, biochemistry, physicochemistry, separation and so on. However, there have been only a few examples of chiral ILs have been reported so far, and ILs possessing chirality are having been synthesized aimed at application in asymmetric catalytic reaction.

离子液体在许多领域如电化学、有机合成、催化、生物化学、物理化学、材料及分离等的绿色替代溶剂技术引起了人们的重视，然而，有关手性离子液体的合成与应用的报道比较少，含有手性片段的离子液体不断被合成出来并期望在不对称催化反应中得到应用，但是成功的例子不多，使用手性离子液体在不对称催化反应中还在初始的探索阶段。

X-ray diffraction showed that the hydroxy-chromium oligocations can be used as a stable pillaring agent after aging at 70 ℃ for four days, and a pillared composite with high crystallinity can be obtain...

与原料2H-MoS2相比，柱撑材料的层间距增大，晶粒变小，比表面积增加并且热稳定性提高。对催化苯饱和加氢反应表明，柱撑材料Cr-MoS2的催化活性明显优于未柱撑的2H-MoS2和RaneyNi催化剂，且结晶度较好的柱撑材料更具有较高的催化活性和较好的可重复性。

This paper introduces the studies of Gerhard Ertl, who is awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2007, in adsorption of hydrogen on metal surfaces, the mechanism of catalytic reaction in Haber- Bosch process for synthesis of ammonia, and the process of catalytic oxidation of CO.

格哈德·埃特尔的重要贡献主要有3方面：(1)解决了氢原子是如何在Pd、Pt和Ni等金属表面组织排列的问题；(2)对哈伯一博施法合成氨反应催化机理的研究；(3)对C催化氧化的研究及非线性动力学理论的建立。1 氢在金属表面吸附的研究萨巴蒂埃因发现精细金属颗粒催化有机物加氢的方法而获1912年度诺贝尔化学奖。

The results show that perfect anatase nanocrystalline TiO2 can be obtained by SGRTSE method and the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 can be improved by doping and surface treatment. In the experimental system, the addings of proper salts are beneficial to the photocatalytic degradation of DBSNa. The pH value of solution, adding amount of TiO2, flow rate of air, and initial concentration are the main influence factors for the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange, and the apparent reaction order is pseudo-first-order, which could be described by Langmuir- Hinshelwood equation.

结果表明：sol-gel法结合室温溶剂蒸发诱导可制备出晶型良好的锐钛型纳米TiO_2；过渡元素和稀土元素杂原子掺杂，贵金属掺杂和表面酸化处理是有效提高TiO_2光催化活性的途径；试验体系中，在DBSNa的降解过程中加入适量的盐，可以大大加速降解效果；光催化降解水中有机物，溶液pH值，TiO_2投加量，曝气速率，被降解物起始浓度等是影响降解效果的重要因素；对起始浓度较低的有机物光催化降解过程可利用简化的Langmuir-Hinshelwood动力学方程进行描述，反应级数为拟一级。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！