催化的

Solid acid catalysts have been found to be useful catalyst in a variety of organic reactions. They have many advantages, such as non-toxic, inodorous, non-volatile; non-corrosive, non-pollution, mild reaction conditions, high yields and reactivity, excellent stability and simple work-up procedure, and these are what liquid catalysts cant replace.

固体酸催化剂在有机合成反应中应用广泛，这类催化剂无毒无味，不挥发，不污染环境，不腐蚀设备，容易回收，可重复使用，所催化的反应条件温和，产率和选择性高，后处理简便，且具有独特的催化性能，这些是液体催化剂所不能代替的。

The tetraoxazoline ligands only afforded the-configuration whether monometallic and/or bimetallic palladium complexes were formed upon the complexing process. Using the chelation-induced axially chiral palladium complex as a catalyst, excellent catalytic activities and enantioselectivities in the Wacker- type cyclization of allylphenols with up to 99% ee were gained.

当它与钯离子配位后只得到了轴构型为S的单金属或双金属配合物，并将该配体应用于钯催化的邻烯丙基苯酚的Wacker-type环化反应中，获得了很好催化活性和高达99% ee。

Bulky and electron-rich MOP-type phosphine ligand 2-ditertbutylphosphino-2'-isopropyloxy- 1,1'-binaphthyl (L1) shows good catalytic activity in palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds.

富电子、大位阻MOP型烷基膦配体2-二叔丁基膦-2'-异丙氧基-1，1'-联萘(L1)在钯催化的1，3-二羰基化合物的α-芳基化反应中显示了较好的催化活性。

Bulky and electron-rich MOP-type phosphine ligand 2-ditertbutylphosphino-2 -isopropyloxy 1,1 -binaphthyl (L1) shows good catalytic activity in palladium-catalyzed α-arylation of 1,3-dicarbony compounds.

富电子、大位阻MOP型烷基膦配体2-二叔丁基膦－2'-异丙氧基－1，1'-联萘(L1)在钯催化的1，3-二羰基化合物的α-芳基化反应中显示了较好的催化活性。

The aim of this dissertation was to investigate the effects of SPE technique on electrochemically assisted photocatalytic system.

通过对SPE法电助光催化的影响因素的研究，找出合适的光催化最佳条件。

Based on the pseudo-separation model for micellar catalysis, the ternary complex kinetic model for metallomicellar catalysis is suggested.

在胶束催化的假相分离模型的基础上，提出了金属胶束催化的三元复合物动力学模型。

The reactions include, organometallic reactions (grignard reaction, organolithium -zinc, and -copper chemistry ), metal catalyzed reactions, mannich reaction, nitration, hydrogenation, azidation, amino-protection reactions, organoalluminum catalyzed beckmann rearrangement, schmidt rearrangement, epoxidation, epoxide ring opening reactions, swern oxidation etc.

这些反应包括：有机金属反应(格利亚反应，有机锂，有机锌和有机铜反应)，金属催化反应堆(suzuki 反应， negish 反应)， mannish 反应，硝化反应，氢化反应，叠氮反应，各种基团的保护和脱保护反应，有机铝催化的贝克曼重排反应，斯密特重排反应，环氧化反应，环氧烷开环反应， swern 氧化反应等。

This Palladacycle catalyzed Heck reaction was characterized by a wide variety of substrates, mildness of reaction conditions, freedom from protection of inert gases and high catalytic activity retainable after repeated uses.

二茂铁亚胺环钯化合物催化的Heck反应具有底物范围较广，反应条件温和，不需要惰性气体保护，催化活性高且催化剂可重复使用仍能保持活性的优点。

It showed that, compared with other catalysts, SO(superscript 2- subscript 4)/TiO2-ZrO2 was more active to bring about more than 95% conversion rate of stillingia oil under the transesterification conditions of 150℃, molar ratio of methanol to oil 12:1, catalyst amount 5% and reaction time 6h.

结果表明，催化剂SO(上标 2-下标 4)/TiO2-ZrO2表现出了较高的催化活性，SO(上标 2-下标 4)/TiO2-ZrO2催化的最佳酯交换反应条件为：反应温度150℃，醇油摩尔比12：1，催化剂用量5%，反应时间6h，此时乌桕籽油的醋化率超过95%，且催化剂重复和再生使用效果良好。

The specificity of hydrogen ion catalysts, for example, is very broad, whereas many enzymes perform only a single function, such as hydrolysis of a single bond or bond type.

例如，在37℃下，由过氧化氢酶催化的过氧化氢还原反应比由胶态铂催化的该反应快1千万倍。

On the other hand, the more important thing is because the urban housing is a kind of heterogeneity products.

另一方面，更重要的是由于城市住房是一种异质性产品。

Climate histogram is the fall that collects place measure calm value, cent serves as cross axle for a few equal interval, the area that the frequency that the value appears according to place is accumulated and becomes will be determined inside each interval, discharge the graph that rise with post, also be called histogram.

气候直方图是将所收集的降水量测定值，分为几个相等的区间作为横轴，并将各区间内所测定值依所出现的次数累积而成的面积，用柱子排起来的图形，也叫做柱状图。