催化的

It was found that the samples PVP-PdCl2-CdCl2 and PVP-PdCl2-HgCl2, compared with PVP-PdCl2, exhibited much higher catalytic activity and dechlorination selectivity, and the yields of the coupling by-products were obviously decreased. For example, when p-chloroaniline was used as substrate, the reaction time was shortened to 1/8, and the yield of dechlorination product was about 25 times as much as the original one, and when p-chlorotoluene was used as substrate, the yield of coupling by-product catalyzed by bimetallic catalyst was 1/390 of that catalyzed by monometallic catalyst.

与负载型单金属催化剂PVP-PdCl2相比， PVP-PdCl2-CdCl2和PVP-PdCl2-HgCl2对氯代芳烃脱氯有高得多的催化活性和脱氯选择性，且偶联副产物显著减少；以对氯苯胺为底物时，双金属催化下的反应时间缩短为单金属催化下的1/8，而脱氯产物收率提高25倍；底物为对氯甲苯时，双金属催化下的偶联副产物仅为单金属催化下的1/390。

The TiO2 synthesized by normal and reverse micelles as templated were applied for phot ocatalytic of Rhodamine B and organic toxic small molecule 2.4-dichlorophenol under ultraviolet irradiation. Oxidation species and photodegradation products in the photoreaction process were detected for studying their photocatalyst properties. The results showed that: the R-TiO2 had a better photocatalysis property under UV irradiation when photodegradation of RhB and DCP compared to the N-TiO2. After 160min, the mineralized rate of RhB can be 95%. And the oxidative species was mainly referred to OH radical.

利用正相和反相胶束介质模板制备的纳米TiO2为光催化剂，在紫外光照射下，对染料罗丹明B和有机有毒无色小分子2，4-二氯苯酚进行光催化降解，研究了其光催化性能，并对光催化过程中氧化物种及降解产物进行了跟踪测定，结果表明，反相胶束模板体系制备的纳米TiO2与正相胶束介质制备的纳米TiO2比较，在紫外照射下对RhB及DCP的降解有较好的光催化性能，对RhB在160min尤催化矿化率可达95%，光催化反应主要的氧化物种涉及在基自由基。

Generally, the main point of this thesis rests with exploring novel hydrothermal methods to synthesize functional stannate composite oxides nano-materials, and studying the formation and morphology controlled mechanism of the composite oxides nano-materials under hydrothermal conditions. The main research achievements are summed up as follows:(1)According to the testing needs of photocatalytic hydrogen-generation, we have designed and set up a suit of photocatalytic H2-generation equipments with external light irradiation.

本文正是在这一背景条件下，重点研究以水热法合成锡酸盐纳米光催化材料，并对合成出的样品进行了细致的表征分析，初步研究纳米材料的光催化活性，探索纳米催化剂的颗粒尺寸、形貌和晶体结构对催化性能的影响规律，其内容主要包括以下几个方面：(1)根据光催化制氢的需要，设计并组建了一套外置光源照射的光催化制氢装置。

The photocatalytic oxidation performance and kinetics of the simulated organic wastewater in a circulating slurry photocatalytic reactor was investigated.The effects of operation conditions, such as dosage of photocatalyst, illumination time, initial benzamide concentration, pH value, anions and cations in wastewater, on the photocatalytic oxidation performance were discussed.

采用循环式浆态光催化反应器对苯甲酰胺模拟废水光催化氧化特性和动力学进行了研究，系统地考察了操作条件对模拟污染物光催化降解的影响，并与搅拌式和鼓泡床式浆态光催化反应器中苯甲酰胺的降解效果进行对比。

The results showed that, with the increase of reaction temperature, the catalytic deacidifcation and non-catalytic deacidification ability of MgO were basically decreased at lower space velocity and gradually increased at higher space velocity.

结果表明，随着反应温度的升高，MgO的催化脱酸率和非催化脱酸率在较低空速下降低，在较高空速下逐渐增加；MgO的催化脱酸率和非催化脱酸率在335～365 ℃范围内均随空速的增加而降低；在反应过程中降低反应系统的压力有利于MgO的催化脱酸反应。

The Schiff base transitional metal complexes of various structures and their metallomicelles as peroxidase models for the phenol and phenolic derivant oxidation have been investigated. Some results are obtained from the studies:(1) the Schiff base transitional metal complexes have high catalytic activity for the phenol and phenolic derivant oxidation, and the structure of the complexes has a great effect on its catalytic activity;(2)a novel kinetic mathematical model for the complexes and their metallomicelles catalyzing the phenolic derivant oxidation has been established;(3) the feasibility and mechanism for the phenolic derivant oxidation catalyzed by the metallomicelle(as the mimetic model of peroxidase)have been discussed.

研究了冠醚Schiff碱金属配合物作为过氧化物酶的模拟模型对酚类物质氧化反应的催化作用，取得如下结果：(1)几种冠醚Schiff碱金属配合物对催化酚类物质氧化具有良好的催化活性，其中配体结构对其催化活性有较大的影响；(2)建立了金属配合物与表面活性剂形成的金属胶束催化酚类物质氧化反应的动力学数学模型；(3)探讨了金属胶束模拟过氧化物酶催化酚类氧化反应的可行性及其机理。

The results showed that (1) The grain size of nanometer YiO_2 was40～80nm.The wavelength corresponding to the maximum absorbency values were observedin the 200～320nm range.The crystal structure of carbon doped TiO_2 photocatalyst is primarilyanatase(22.43% rutile), and the content of carbon is about 4.6%.(2) The relative humidityvaring from 8% to 80%, the photocatalytic degradation degree of benzene increased withincreasing relative humidity; and to toluene, degradation rate was hanced by relative humidityup to 60%, and more or less inhibited above 60%.(3) Scheme and results of orthogonal testswere used by evaluating the photocatalytic performance of the gas phase methanol, acetoneand 1-heptane.The results revealed that their degradation degree reached 84.5%, 93.39% and93.45%, respectively.(4) The 254nm UV lamp showed higher photocatalytic degradation rate.For methanol, acetone and 1-heptane, it was found that photocatalytic degradation reactionoccurs with the light strength of daylight lamp.(5) Under the the same conditions, 15%degradation degree has been obtained for benzene, whilst about 10% degradation degree wasattained by Degussa P25; During the initial phases, the toluene revealed higher photocatalyticactivity, comparing with Degussa P25, the degradation degree of methanol, acetone and1-heptane were slightly lower.

结果表明：(1)CVD法制备的纳米TiO_2光催化剂，颗粒球形度好、粒径在40～80nm之间；最大吸光度值所对应的波长为200～320nm；含碳量约为4.6％；晶型组成主要为锐钛矿型，金红石的含量约为22.43％；(2)在相对湿度为8％～80％范围内，苯的光催化降解率随着相对湿度的增大而增大；甲苯在相对湿度为60％时达到最好降解效果，当相对湿度增大到80％时光催化效果降低；(3)将正交实验设计及实验方案应用于气相甲醇、丙酮和正庚烷光催化降解研究，实验结果表明：三者最高降解率分别为84.5％、93.39％和93.45％；(4)有254nm紫外灯参与的光催化实验可以大大提高有机气体的光催化降解率；在日光灯的照射下，掺碳纳米TiO_2对气相甲醇、丙酮和正庚烷具有一定的光催化氧化能力；(5)较P25粉，在相同的光催化操作条件下：气相苯的平均降解率达15％，高于P25粉10％的降解率；气相甲苯在初始阶段具有较高的反应速率；气相甲醇、丙酮和正庚烷的降解率略低于P25粉。

In the absence of organic solvent and phase-transfer reagent, the catalytic oxidation of cyclo- hexene to adipic acid with aqueous 30% hydrogen peroxide can be achieved in the presence of tungstic acid/acidic organic additive.

以钨酸/有机酸性添加剂为催化体系，在无有机溶剂、相转移剂的情况下，催化 30%过氧化氢氧化环己烯合成己二酸。当钨酸∶有机酸性添加剂∶环己烯∶过氧化氢=1∶1∶40∶176(摩尔比，钨酸用量为 2.5 mmol)时，使用有机酸性添加剂考察钨酸的催化性能，结果表明以钨酸/间苯二酚催化氧化环己烯的催化效果最优，反应 8 h 时己二酸分离产率达 90.9%、纯度为～100%；而不使用有机酸性添加剂时，己二酸分离产率只有 72.1%，产品纯度为 96.2%。

While in photoreduction of Cr , the titania-modified MCM-41 photocatalysts were more photoactive than the titania-silica composite (25％ TiO〓).

在光催化降解苯酚中氧化钛修饰MCM-41的光催化活性虽然不及结晶的锐钛矿相纳米氧化钛，但是仍具有较高的催化活性；在光催化还原Cr到Cr反应中氧化钛修饰MCM-41的光催化还原性明显高于部分结晶的TiO〓-SiO〓（25wt％TiO〓）复合氧化物。

From the literatures reported, the study of polarographic catalytic wave for inorganic metal ions has made a great progress.

从国内外报道的极谱催化波文献来看，无机金属离子的催化波研究已取得了很大进展，有平行催化波，络合物极谱催化波和铂族元素的氢催化波等多种类型。

They weren't aggressive, but I yelled and threw a rock in their direction to get them off the trail and away from me, just in case.

他们没有侵略性，但我大喊，并在他们的方向扔石头让他们过的线索，远离我，以防万一。

In slot 2 in your bag put wrapping paper, quantity does not matter in this case.

在你的书包里槽2把包装纸、数量无关紧要。