催化剂

The progress of catalysts, which include composite-oxides catalysts and heteropoly compounds catalysts, for selective oxidation of isobutylene to methacrolein were summarized, the mechanism of this reaction on Mo-Bi catalysts was discussed.

本文综述了异丁烯选择氧化生成甲基丙烯醛催化剂，其中包括复合氧化物催化剂和杂多化合物催化剂等的研究现状，讨论了在Mo-Bi催化剂上异丁烯选择氧化生成甲基丙烯醛的反应机理。

It was found that the catalysts with 1.5% Pd content showed a higher activity. At 60—65℃ and 0.6MPa with a total catalyst amount of 0.5%,the conversion of dehydrolinalool was higher than 99% and the selectivity for linalool was higher than 96%. The change in catalyst composition upon reused for 7 times was evaluated by using ICP,and the effect of Pb and Bi to the catalytic behavior was discussed.

结果表明，钯质量分数为1.5%的催化剂活性较高，在反应温度为60～65 ℃，系统压力为0.6 MPa，催化剂用量为原料质量的0.5％，去氢芳樟醇转化率大于99%时，芳樟醇选择性大于96%，催化剂套用7次后，利用ICP对使用前后催化剂的组成进行分析后，根据反应结果分析了Pb和Bi对加氢反应的作用。

The research results show for low Sn concentrations, for example 1wt%Sn with respect to Ni, the Ni/Sn surface alloy is energetically preferred. We have also used XPS to characterize the catalysts. The quantified Sn and Ni XP spectra for Ni/Sn/SLT catalysts show that Sn preferentially segregates to the surface of the Ni/Sn alloy. We demonstrate that supported Ni/Sn alloy catalyst provides significantly higher reforming reactivity and resistance to deactivation via carbon deposition than supported monometallic Ni catalyst both in steam reforming of CH4 and CO_2 dry reforming.

本文以SLT为支撑体，利用Sn对传统的Ni基催化剂进行表面合金化处理，成功制备了Ni/Sn表面合金重整催化剂，将该催化剂用于甲烷和丙烷的CO_2重整和水蒸汽重整反应，研究结果表明，在Sn浓度很低的情况下，例如1wt%Sn含量，从能量角度看更易于形成表面合金，XPS数据也显示Sn更易于富集在Ni/Sn合金催化剂表面。

Effect of stoichiometric ratioof organic fuel to oxidizer on structures and catalytic activities of the catalysts were studied.

以D，L-丙氨酸为有机燃料，采用溶液燃烧法制备了钙钛矿型复合氧化物La0.8Sr0.2CoO3催化剂，研究了有机燃料与氧化剂的化学计量比对催化剂结构和性能的影响，考察了催化剂的甲烷燃烧活性，并对催化剂进行了表征。

The heavy oil combustion activator mainly used in heating stove of steel rolled, industrial stove, power plant stove, glass furnace ,metal furnace ,ceramic roller kiln and channel kiln .It can accelerate combustion , prevent over-burning, reduce the harmful gas emission. Its energy-saving reaches to 5-8%. Diesel oil combustion activator mainly used in the diesel oil engine which can strengthen atomization ,improve ignition conditions, adjust the value of cetane,restrict intense or knocking vibrations, reduce the fuel de-compound and black smoke emission, prevent over-burning, carbonization and reduce the machine's friction. Its fuel-saving reaches to 3-5%. High efficiency gasoline combustion activator mainly used in gasoline engine, which can improve the gasoline octane rating ,restrain extensive or knocking vibrations, reduce fuel de-compound , prevent over burning , carbonization, reducing machine's friction and toxic gas or black smoke emission, Its fuel saving reaches to 3-5%.

该产品分为重油、柴油和汽油燃烧催化剂三大类，重油燃烧催化剂主要用于轧钢加热炉，工业锅炉，发电厂锅炉，玻璃熔窑，金属熔炼炉，陶瓷辊道窑，隧道窑中，能够促进燃烧，防止结焦，节能达5-8%，减少有害气体的排放；柴油燃烧催化剂主要用于柴油发动机中，起到增强雾化、改善着火条件，调整十六烷值，抑制隆震爆震，降低燃料分解，防止结焦积碳的作用，同时减少机器磨损，节约燃料3-5%，减少黑烟及有害气体的排放；高效汽油燃烧催化剂用于汽油发动机中，能提高汽油辛烷值，平抑隆震爆震，降低燃料分解，防止结焦积碳，减少机器磨损，节约燃料3-5%，减少有害气体及黑烟的排放。

The mass transter can be enhanced ,when we introduce sulfuric acid and cuprous oxide into this system.The model is formed to describe the transference of the martial between the four phases: gas-liquid-liquid-gas, which can explain some problems. We analyze the dead of the catalyst, and make a conclusion that the surface of the catalyst is covered with some compounds such as bluestone, which lessen the activity points of the catalyst and debase the activity.

在SO_4~(2-)／ZrO_2-La_2O_3催化的反应系统中加入稀硫酸和氧化亚铜促进了异丁烯和一氧化碳的传质、使反应得以快速，高选择性的进行，异丁烯的转化率达95％以上，特戊酸的收率达47％；讨论了g-l-l-s传质过程；对催化剂作了失活分析，催化剂失活的原因是因为反应后的催化剂表面覆盖了一层硫酸盐，使催化剂的活性中心数减少，活性降低。

The alloy catalyst was found to be unstable in the acidic solution because of the electrochemical and chemical dissolution of the catalyst.

发现在酸性溶液中，钯铁合金催化剂对氧还原反应的催化活性不稳定，原因是钯铁合金催化剂在酸性溶液中发生电化学/化学溶解；在碱性溶液中，覆盖在电极表面的钯铁合金催化剂的质量及电化学活性面积在电化学扫描过程中不发生明显变化，保持对氧还原反应的催化活性，证明钯铁合金催化剂在碱性介质中非常稳定。

The test results indicate that the zincate catalyst systems can accelerate these reactions high-effectively, so its selectivity is up to 100% and TOF is 5472h -1, and the activity and the selectivity of the catalyst are kept in six times, and the catalyst system can be availab.

研究了离子液体助催化的各种无机盐催化剂体系用于二氧化碳和环氧化合物通过环加成反应制备环状碳酸酯，结果表明锌盐催化剂体系能够非常高效地催化该反应，最高得到了 5 472h- 1的催化转化频率和 10 0 %的选择性，催化剂使用六次以后没有发现催化活性和选择性的下降，并且该催化剂体系能够适用于各种结构的环氧化合物。

SO〓〓/M〓O〓 solid superacid was applied to the photocatalytic oxidation of organic pollutants for the first time. Porous SO〓〓/TiO〓 solid superacid catalysts with high specific surface area were prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalytic degradation of bromomethane was used as model reaction. The influence of impregnation with H〓SO〓 solution on the structure of catalysts and their photocatalytic performance was systematically studied by using X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, N〓 sorption analysis applying BET method, UV-Vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy, O〓-TPD and photocatalytic activity measurement. The acidity of TiO〓-based catalysts was investigated by Hammett indicator method, NH〓-TPD and IR spectra of pyridine adsorbtion. The mechanism of superacidifing effects on photocatalytic performances such as the photocatalytic degradation rate of bromomethane, apparent kinetic constant and apparent quantum efficiency was discussed.The results indicated that SO〓〓 is combined with metal ions of TiO〓 in a chelating bidentate mode.

本文首次将SO〓〓/MxOy型固体超强酸催化剂用于光催化氧化有机污染物研究，采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了具有多孔性和大比表面结构的二氧化钛基固体超强酸光催化剂SO〓〓/TiO〓，以光催化降解溴代甲烷为模型反应，系统地研究了H〓SO〓浸渍处理对催化剂表面酸性及其气相光催化性能的影响，结合XRD、BET、XPS、FTIR、Hammett指示剂法、吡啶吸附红外光谱、NH〓-TPD、O〓-TPD、紫外可见漫反射光谱等多种表征手段，深入地讨论了超强酸化对TiO〓的改性机理，阐明了引起SO〓〓/TiO〓超强酸催化剂光催化降解溴代甲烷的转化率、表观反应速率常数和表观量子效率变化的本质原因。

Catalyst 70, catalyst 80, stannous caprylate were compared based on the impact of different catalyst on surface drying time of gel system.

实验选用催化剂W70、催化剂W80、辛酸亚锡，比较不同催化剂种类对硅凝胶表干时间的影响，得到合适的催化剂种类和用量。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。