催化剂

While the adsorptions of 1-propanol and 1-Br-propane at 100℃ give rise to 1-propoxy species, which mainly converted to propanal at higher temperature. IR spectrum arising from the interaction of propene with the catalyst at 100 ℃ shows the IR bands of allyl alcoholate and isopropoxy species. As the temperature was increased to 150℃, the bands ascribable to the adsorbed acetone and acrolein were observed. Based on these results, it is suggested that isopropoxy species is one of the intermediates for SOP to acrolein over MoPO/SiO〓 catalyst.

2原位IR光谱实验结果表明：200℃时丙烷/O〓混合气在催化剂表面吸附后的IR谱与同温度下异丙醇吸附的IR谱相似，均检测到吸附态丙酮物种和丙烯醛物种的IR谱峰；溴代异丙烷和异丙醇在催化剂表面吸附后均转化为异丙氧基，异丙氧基主要转化为丙烯和丙酮，丙烯进一步转化为丙烯醛；溴代正丙烷和正丙醇在催化剂表面吸附后均转化为正丙氧基，正丙氧基主要转化为丙醛；丙烯在催化剂表面吸附后转化为σ-氧烯丙基和异丙氧基，升温后σ-氧烯丙基转化为丙烯醛而异丙氧基转化为丙酮。

The preparation method is characterized in that:(1) at minus 10 DEG C to 10 DEG C, a chloroauric acid solution with a certain concentration is added into a nano-Pt/C catalyst by ultrasonic or stirring mixture and the atomic ratio of Pt to Au is controlled between 18:1 and 5:1;(2) a small amount of monohydric alcohol or dihydric alcohol or trihydric alcohol of C1-C3 is added and is stirred at minus 10 DEG C to 10 DEG C for 10 min to 5h, so as to prepare the carbon-loading Pt-Au bimetallic nano electro-catalyst;(3) if necessary, the catalyst obtained by the step (2) is treated for 0.5 to 4h at high temperature ranging from 100 DEG C to 700 DEG C in the inert or reducing atmosphere, so as to adjust and control the grain size of the Pt-Au bimetallic nano electro-catalyst.

本发明涉及了一种高稳定性碳载Pt-Au双金属纳米电催化剂的制备方法，其特征在于：(1)在-10～10℃中，将一定浓度氯金酸溶液加入到纳米Pt/C催化剂中经超声或搅拌混合，控制Pt∶Au的原子比为18∶1-5∶1；(2)添加少量C 1 -C 3 的一元、二元或三元醇类，在-10～10℃下搅拌10min-5h，制备了碳载铂金双金属纳米电催化剂；(3)视需要，可将步骤(2)得到的催化剂在惰性气氛或还原气氛中经100～700℃高温处理0.5-4h，可调控Pt-Au/C双金属纳米催化剂的粒径。

And on the basis of mono-factor test, using COD decreasing rate and decolour rate as targets, six factors affecting catalytic effect were selected to proceed L9(34) orthogonal experiments. The conclusion of primary and secondary factors was drawn and the turn was : kind of catalyst-amount of catalyst-pH value-temperature-amount of H2O2-amount of air . The optimization were determined to be : initial pH value : 5.5 ; temperatare : 90 C; amount of H2O2: lml/400ml waste water ; kind of catalyst: AC3 ; inciting small amount of air ; amount of catalyst: 125g activated carbon to 500g stone .

并在单因素试验的基础上，以废液COD去除率和脱色率为指标，选择废液初始pH值、反应温度、启动剂用量、催化剂类型、鼓空气量、催化剂加入量为因素，进行L_9(3~4)正交试验，确定影响因素因素的主次关系为：催化剂类型→催化剂加入量→废液初始pH值→反应温度→启动剂量→鼓空气量；最佳处理技术条件为：废液初始pH5.5；反应温度90℃；启动剂量1ml／400ml废液；AC3型催化剂；鼓小流量空气；炭石比125g／500g。

The reaction results of the selective hydrogenation of MethylAcetyleneand Propadiene in C 3 distillate by catalytic distillation were investigated with randomlypacked structure of packingtype catalyst, the combined structure of sieve tray and packingtype catalyst as well as the structure with interlaced packing and ordinary catalyst.

考察了填料状催化剂散装结构、筛板填料状催化剂复合结构、规整填料与普通催化剂交错排列结构等用于C3 馏分中丙炔、丙二烯催化蒸馏选择加氢过程的反应效果，综合考虑催化剂制备的难易、工业装置长周期运转的必要性、传质对反应的影响等因素，推荐在工业装置上采用规整填料与催化剂交错排列结

The results indicate that the extent of reduction and carburization was intensified by prolonging the reduction duration or by increasing the reduction temperature. The catalyst activity and stability was enhanced with the reduction at 270℃ compared with those reduced at lower temperature (240℃) or unreduced samples.

结果表明，在240℃延长还原时间或将还原温度升高到270℃均有利于催化剂的还原，270℃还原的催化剂的活性和稳定性明显高于未还原和240℃还原的催化剂，催化剂的运行稳定性与催化剂在反应过程中的流失量有密切关系。

The supported WP catalysts showed considerable activity in HDS reaction of dibenzothiophene and HDN reaction of quinoline. The ibenzothiophene HDS activity and quinoline HDN activity of the spported WP catalysts synthesized by co-impregnation method was better than that synthesized by mixing method. The HDS and HDN activities of 25～30% WP catalysts synthesized by co-impregnation method and reduced at 650～750℃ were better than those of the corresponding sulfurized catalyst.

负载型WP催化剂具有较好的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫和喹啉加氢脱氮活性，共浸渍法制备的磷化钨催化剂二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫和喹啉加氢脱氮活性要高于混合法制备的磷化钨催化剂。650～750℃还原制备的负载量25～30%的浸渍法磷化钨催化剂具有较高的二苯并噻吩加氢脱硫和喹啉加氢脱氮活性，高于相应的硫化态催化剂。

The application, proposed hydrotalcite-like compounds as a new type of environmentally friendly solid catalysts in the aldol condensation, nitrile hydrolysis, epoxide ring-opening reaction of the oxidation of aromatic compounds, alcohols oxidation, reduction of nitro compounds, and many other important reactions in organic synthesis has an important application potential, and with little pollution compared to conventional catalysts, easy separation of advantages of high reactivity.

叙述了水滑石类化合物作为固体酸碱催化剂、氧化还原反应催化剂、催化剂载体等方面的应用情况，提出了水滑石类化合物作为一类新型的环境友好的固体催化剂，在醇醛缩合、腈类水解、环氧化物的开环反应、芳烃类化合物的氧化、醇类氧化、硝基化合物的还原等许多重要的有机合成反应具有重要的应用前景，并且与传统催化剂相比具有污染小、易分离、反应活性高等优点。

Comparing the two kinds of catalyst, although the high conversion could been gotten at the optimum reaction conditions respectively, to the same conversion, the reaction conditions for ammonium molybdate catalyst were higher than that for sodium tungstate catalyst, that means the catalytic activity of ammonium molybdate is higher than that of sodium tungstate.

两种催化剂相比，虽然在最佳工艺条件下，均可使反应达到较高的转化率，但达到相同转化率时钨酸钠催化剂所需的反应条件比钼酸铵催化剂高，所以总体来说，钼酸铵催化剂的反应活性高于钨酸钠催化剂。

The series of catalysts for dehydrogention of n-butane to 1-butene, including oxidative dehydrogenation with Vanadium-based 、molybdates、metal pyrphosphates catalysts and catalytic dehydrogenation with Pt-based catalysts and ZSM-5 zeolite, are reviewed, the membrane reactor with catalysts is also discussed .

综述了对正丁烷脱氢制备正丁烯的催化剂体系，包括有氧脱氢中钒基催化剂、钼酸盐系列和焦磷酸盐系列催化剂；催化脱氢中贵金属Pt系催化剂、以ZSM-5分子筛为载体的催化剂以及膜反应器。

When catalyst was prewetted with low sulphur content prewetting oil after activation, one kind of sulphur was adding into the prewetting oil in order to reduce too much sulfur loss from catalyst surface, and advanced catalyst prewetting and start-up methods were developed for reaching its higher performance.

由于活化后的预润湿过程中，所用润湿液中不含硫，为防止润湿过程中催化剂上硫的流失，因此在催化剂的润湿过程中，同时对催化剂进行硫化，根据以上原因，制定了科学合理的催化剂硫化、润湿及开工投料方案，确保催化剂的优越性能能够得到充分发挥。

The absorption and distribution of chromium were studied in ryeusing nutrient culture technique and pot experiment.

采用不同浓度K2CrO4(0，0.4，0.8和1.2 mmol/L)的Hoagland营养液处理黑麦幼苗，测定铬在黑麦体内的亚细胞分布、铬化学形态及不同部位的积累。

By analyzing theory foundation of mathematical morphology in the digital image processing, researching morphology arithmetic of the binary Image, discussing two basic forms for the least structure element: dilation and erosion.

通过分析数学形态学在图像中的理论基础，研究二值图像的形态分析算法，探讨最小结构元素的两种基本形态：膨胀和腐蚀；分析了数学形态学复杂算法的基本原理，把数学形态学的部分并行处理理念引入到家实际应用中。