催化作用

Caffeine - A derivative of coffee, is an efficient arouser of central nervous system capable to drive away fatigue, and improve renal circulation. Its stimulation on the cerebral cortex activates Neurotransmitter receptors in the cell membrane; the adenylyl cyclaseactivated on the other surface of the cell catalyzes Adenosine Triphosphate, forming Cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and thus set off series of bio-chemical reactions, like increase of passionate feel, prompt recovery from fatigue after working etc..

咖啡因—由于咖啡本身具有兴奋神经中枢，消除疲劳，增加肾脏血流量的作用，通过对大脑皮层的刺激，使神经递质作用于细胞膜受体，激活了膜另一侧的腺苷酸环化酶，被激活的腺苷酸环化酶催化三磷酸腺苷环化酶，被激活的腺苷酸环化酶催化三磷酸腺苷形成环磷酸腺苷，从而引起一系列生化反应，如增加愉快感和消除事后疲劳等。

The main action of TiO_2 loaded on stilbite, rectorite, kaolin on azo dye was adsorption . The main action of quartz loading TiO_2 photocatalyst on azo dye was photocatalysis.Surface modification was made on quartz with ( OCH_3 )_3Si(CH_2)_3SH by dry process.

辉沸石、累托石、高岭土负载纳米TiO_2光催化材料对偶氮染料的作用主要为吸附，石英负载纳米TiO_2光催化材料对偶氮染料的作用主要为降解。

Transformation into active enzymes occurs as one or more peptide bonds in the zymogen are cleaved.

活化作用即是打断原分子内的一个或多个键。这作用受不同的催化或受的活化型本身的催化。

Template-confined growth is a very powerful method for obtaining aligned 1D nanomaterials with adjustable diameter, length and morphology. Porous anodic aluminum oxide templates with different channel structures have been synthesized in our lab, with which the aligned CNT arrays, Y-branching and novel dendriform CNTs have been obtained. Based on the structural characterization of the products, a space-limited and self-catalytic growth mechanism has been proposed accordingly. Roughly speaking, the catalyst particles at the bottom of template channels initiate the nucleation of carbon species, which acts as the seed for subsequent CNT growth.

本文采用近年发展起来的模板控制生长法，以多孔氧化铝模板控制CVD生长的方法调控了碳纳米管有序阵列、γ-分叉及树枝状分叉结构，在对产物进行详尽结构表征和分析的基础上阐述了氧化铝模板控制生长碳纳米管的生长机制：孔道内催化剂仅在生长初始阶段催化碳物种的成核，起&种子&作用，随后模板孔道自身的催化及限域作用使碳纳米管紧贴着孔道内壁生长。

The catalytic performance of all the amorphous alloy catalysts mentioned above was measured during liquid phase hydrogenation of furfural to furfuryl alcohol, together with the kinetic studies. The relationship between the catalyst performance and the structure of catalyst, surface electronic state of the amorphous alloy has been systematically studied based on a series of characterization of catalysts . Meanwhile, the promoting effects of the support on the thermal stability and catalytic activity of the amorphous alloy catalysts have been discussed.

本文采用一系列的表征方法(XRD、XPS、TEM、BET、氢吸附、TPD等)进一步研究非晶态合金催化剂的表面结构、表面电子态和催化性能之间的关系，探索电子效应和几何效应对催化剂活性中心结构的影响，探索非晶态合金的晶化失活和载体对非晶态结构的稳定化作用，以及修饰剂对催化性能的改善作用等。

Results: Myricetin and quercetin other than kaempferol showed the inhibitory effects against p110β PI3K, and their IC50 was 2.93μmol/L and 9.91μmol/L, respectively.

结果：杨梅素和榭槲皮素对重组人PI3K p110β催化亚基有抑制作用，IC50分别为2.93μmol/L和9.91μmol/L，而山萘黄素对PI3K p110β催化亚基则无抑制作用。

Glioma is still one of refractory disease in the neurosurgical field; the development of new primary and adjuvant treatment is vital. Recently, the gene therapy of glioma is developed rapidly and there are many methods about the gene therapy that include: suicide gene therapy, immunologic gene therapy, drug resistangce gene therapy, angiostatin gene therapy and so on. The sucide gene therapy is the most potential approach of antitumer, these nonmammalian genes encode enzyme that convert nontoxic prodrugs into highly toxic metablites. Cells transfected with suicide genes are targeted for specific negative selection, witch can be induced by administrtion of the corresponding produg. Among the enzyme/produg combinations, two of the best characterized system are herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase /ganciclovir and Escherichia coli cytosine deaminase /5-flourocytosine (5-FC). The formor can convert the antiviral nucleoside analogs acyclovir , ganciclovir to their nucleoside monophosphate derivatives, the monophosphate forms are subsequently phosphorylated by endogenus cellular kinases to triphosphates, these molecules are potent inhibitors of DNA synthesis.

近年来脑胶质瘤的基因治疗发展迅速，应运而生的方法有自杀基因、免疫基因、多药耐药基因以及抗血管生成基因等，其中自杀基因被认为是最有前景的基因治疗方法，它又称病毒介导的酶／药物前体疗法，是利用转基因技术将哺乳动物细胞中所不含有的自杀基因转入到哺乳动物肿瘤细胞中，该基因表达的产物可将无毒的药物前体转化为毒性药物，从而选择性杀伤该肿瘤细胞，常用的自杀基因有单纯疱疹病毒-胸苷激酶基因和大肠杆菌胞嘧啶脱氨酶基因，前者催化无毒性抗病毒核苷类似物如丙氧鸟苷、无环鸟苷等成为单磷酸核苷衍生物，然后在内源性细胞激酶作用下转化为具有明显毒性的三磷酸核苷，作为DNA合成链的终止剂和DNA合成酶的抑制剂，干扰细胞DNA的合成；后者编码的胞嘧啶脱氨酶可催化5-氟胞嘧啶（5-FC）脱氨成为5-氟尿嘧啶（5-FU），然后代谢为有毒性的5-氟尿嘧啶-5′三磷酸（5-FUTP）和5-氟-2′脱氧尿嘧啶-5′磷酸（5-FdUTP），5-FUTP通过与UTP竞争性结合而抑制mRNA和tRNA的合成，5-FdUTP则作用于胸苷合成酶，导致TMP衰竭而阻止DNA的合成，最终诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。

Low concentration of Fe〓 and Mn〓 could enhance photocatalytic degradation of trichloromethane、Aroclor1260 and humic acid, but when the concentration of Fe〓 and Mn〓 was high, it could prevent photocatalytic degradation.

研究发现当溶液中Fe〓及Mn〓浓度较低时，对光催化降解三氯甲烷、Aroclor1260及腐殖酸有一定的促进作用，但当浓度逐渐增加时，这些离子又对光催化降解起阻碍作用。

Veratryl alcohol could stimulate the oxidation of PR catalyzed by LiP, especially at higher molar ratios of H2O2 to PR, however, PR inhibited the LiP catalyzed oxidation of VA.

藜芦醇对LiP催化氧化PR的反应有促进作用，尤其是当H202与PR的摩尔比较高时这种促进作用更为明显；然而PR对LiP催化氧化VA的反应却有抑制作用。

The computational results indicate that surface catalytic combustion restrains gas phase combustion. Inlet velocity and tube diameters have important influence on catalytic combustion of hydrogen. For smaller inlet velocities,reaction is dominated by gas phase combustion. As the inlet velocity increases,there exist both surface catalytic combustion and gas phase combustion. For bigger inlet velocities,reaction is dominated by surface catalytic combustion. The temperature of flame core decreases with the decrease of tube diameter.

计算结果表明，表面催化反应对空间气相反应有抑制作用；入口速度和管径对氢气的催化燃烧过程有重要的影响，在入口速度较小时，燃烧主要是空间气相化学反应，随着入口速度的增大，燃烧过程同时存在着表面催化反应和空间气相反应两种控制因素，在入口速度较大时，燃烧主要是表面催化燃烧过程；随着管径的减小，微型管道内反应的最高温度降低。

She gently rebuff ed him, but agreed that they could be friends

她婉言拒绝了，但同意作为朋友相处。

If in the penal farm, you were sure to be criticized.

要是在劳改农场，你等着挨绳子吧！