储能

Aluminum nitrate enneahydrate and barium hydroxide octahydrate are considered as potential phase change materials for energy storage. In this work, the thermal conductivities of aluminum nitrate enneahydrate and barium hydroxide octahydrate were measured in the temperature range from 10℃ to 80℃, by means of a calorimeter equipped with a thermistor.

无机结晶水合物提供了熔点从几摄氏度到一百多摄氏度的可供选择的相变储能材料，使用范围广，价格较便宜，熔化热较大，体积储热密度较大，一般成中性，是100℃以下储能用相变材料中的最佳候选材料之一[1]。

Utilized the natural hollow structure of the haulm adsorption and package paraffin to prepare the storage unit,then adopted resin to bonding the storage unit to become a board,gained the resin basal body haulm adsorption paraffin power storage unit figuration phase change material.

利用稻草的天然空心结构，吸附包裹相变石蜡制作成储能单元，然后采用树脂将储能单元粘结成型，得到树脂基稻草吸附石蜡储能单元定形相变材料。

In the spiral pipe heat exchanger exports terminal, the ammonia steam temperature has been heated up 85 ℃--95 ℃, by now, the ammonia steam had the 45kg-55kg/cm2 ammonia steam pressure, sent in the ammonia steam turbine through the constant temperature pipeline, impelled ammonia steam turbine revolving, led the generator electricity generation;After the ammonia steam makes the merit release energy, the temperature drop, the returns ammonia storage tank, passes through again adjusts the press pump to press into the spiral pipe-type heat exchangers to carry on the next circulation;Including the ammonia steam turbine entire ammonia steam road is becomes the independent closed cycle system, is isolates completely with the outside air;The ammonia steam only plays the carryhome and the shift energy role, in the electricity generation process does not consume the actuating medium, the stored energy carrier water also is only gets up the carryhome and the shift energy function,The waterway also is from becomes the independent closed cycle system, in the electricity generation process also the needless water consumption, through the actuating medium ammonia steam and the stored energy carrier water unceasing shuttle service, transforms through the heat interchanger the solar energy as the actuating medium ammonia steam heat energy and the kinetic energy,With the aid of the ammonia steam turbine heat - machine transformation function and the generator machine - electricity transformation function, has realized the solar energy hot - electricity entire conversion process, transforms continuously the solar energy into the electrical energy, power supply for foreign;The low temperature generating system must solve three big technical keys:One, the anticorrosion (has actuating medium has strong corrosiveness), two is Explosion-proof (Some actuating medium Can have the detonation with the air mix when divulging, controls warm malfunction, elevates temperature suddenly also can have detonation), three is guards against the revolution axis divulging

以太阳能低温发电系统为例，低温发电方法是这样进行的：以水作为储能载体的太阳能采集器将太阳能采集起来，将水温提升至85℃--98℃；用氨作为工作介质储于氨储罐及氨汽路中；采用螺旋管型热交换器；用调压泵将氨储罐中的氨汽压入螺旋管型热交换器的螺旋管内，用调压泵将携带太阳能的85℃--98℃的储能载体热水压入螺旋管型热交换器的螺旋管外壁空间进行循环式热交换，在热交换器的螺旋管出口端，氨汽温度已被加热到85℃--95℃，这时，氨汽具有45kg—55kg/cm2的氨汽压力，通过恒温管道送入氨汽轮机，推动氨汽轮机旋转，带动发电机发电；氨汽作功释放能量后，温度下降，返回氨储罐，再经调压泵压入螺旋管型热交换器进行下一次循环；包括氨汽轮机在内的整个氨汽汽路是自成独立的封闭循环系统，与外界空气是完全隔绝的；氨汽只起携带和转移能量的作用，发电过程中并不消耗工作介质，储能载体水也是只起携带和转移能量的作用，水路也是自成独立的封闭循环系统，发电过程中也不消耗水，通过工作介质氨汽和储能载体水的不断循环运行，通过热交换器将太阳能转化为工作介质氨汽的热能和动能，借助氨汽轮机的热—机转化功能和发电机的机—电转化功能，实现了太阳能的整个热—电转化过程，将太阳能源源不断地转变为电能，对外供电；低温发电系统要解决的三大技术关键：一是防腐（有的工作介质具有较强的腐蚀性）、二是防爆（有的介质泄漏与空气混合会产生爆炸，控温失灵，急剧升温也会产生爆炸）、三是防轴漏（汽轮机是动态旋转体，必须解决工作介质的防轴漏问题）。

While storage energy state is reached, charging mechanism trip self-motion. Storage lever can not turn up and down.

达到储能状况时，储能机构自动脱扣，储能杠杆的进一步运动就无效。

Pulse power system has been widely used in high technology fields, whose developing direction is high storage density, light weight and small volume. Its kernel problem is to establish a pulse power storage system with high storage density. High storage density capacitor is one of the important research projects.

脉冲功率系统已应用于许多高科技领域，向高储能密度、轻量化、小型化等方向发展，其核心问题是建立高储能密度的脉冲功率储能系统，而高储能密度电容器是主要的研究对象之一。

With more isthe piston - spring type energy storer, this energy storer is locatedbetween the solenoid valve and the dump pump, comes by the wheelcylinder 液压油 to enter the energy storer, then the compressionspring causes the energy storer hydraulic pressure cavity volume tochange in a big way, to temporarily stores up the brake fluid.

用得较多的为活塞-弹簧式储能器，该储能器位于电磁阀与回油泵之间，由轮缸来的液压油进入储能器，进而压缩弹簧使储能器液压腔容积变大，以暂时储存制动液。

The crystallinity of WO3 has strong influence on samples' performance. When WO3 is tungstite or amorphous, the TiO2-WO3 composites have no or quite low energy storage capacity. The energy storage capacity is improved with the crystallinty of WO3 increasing.

且WO3的结晶度对材料储能性有一定的影响：WO3为水合态或结晶度很低时，材料几乎没有光催化储能性；随着结晶度的增强，储能性提高；TiO2-WO3的储能性能最高达到0.83×10-3C·mg-1；结晶度过高，储能性反之降低。

The composition, crystal modification and microstructure of Na〓SO〓/SiO〓 CESM are researched by using metallography microscope, X-ray diffractometry, scanning electron microscope and energy dispersive spectroscopy. The results show no new substance appears other than quartz and thenardite, but the crystal modification phenomenon is discovered; quartz and thenardite are combined very well with wetting and mechanical inserting; a dense and continuous microstructure is seen in fractography, but holes and cracks defects are found too.

研究结果表明最终制备出的复合相变储能材料在常温下的主要物相为α—石英和芒硝〓—T，与制备前相同；制备工艺对复合材料的最终的物相变化影响不大，仅仅是制备过程中出现各组份的晶型转变；复合储能材料物相分布较为均匀，预制体粘结良好，两相基本互相包覆，其间仅是因浸润结合而形成的机械嵌合作用；复合储能材料中存在有封闭孔、杂质、未渗区等各种缺陷。

The pilot study shows that the ammonia dissociation/synthesis reaction is inherently free of any potential side reaction problems, and also offers phase separation of products. The carrier of heat store is liquid. and is very interesting for long-term storage as it can be carried out at room temperature with no energy losses, Its theoretics energy storage density reachs 66.5kJ/mol, which outclasses sensible or latent heat storage. In comparison to other thermochemical energy storage, ATCES needs lower temperature in endothermic reaction(only 650℃), but It can produce over 550℃ high temperature stream in exothermic synthesiser. Furthermore, the heat store/recovery can change with adapt to the heat source/load automatically, and offers coninuous(24 h) production of heat, These advantages will see a rapid increase in the adoption of large-scale concentrating solar thermal power generation.

初步研究表明：采用氨基储能体系，储/释过程无副反应，且储能介质能自然发生相分离；储热载体为流体，并可在室温下长期无热损储存，理论储能密度达66.5kJ/mol，远高于显热或相变蓄热；与其它热化学储能相比，吸热反应温度低，仅需650℃，而放热反应可产生500℃以上的高温，能量的储/释流量可随热源/负荷自适应变化，且可全天供热，更适合作为聚光式大规模太阳能热力发电中的能量储存系统。

There is a trend of including these two advantages into better high-speed high-power flywheels.

储能飞轮的发展存在追求高储能密度和追求大输入输出功率两个方向，近来此二者有融合趋势形成同时具备两项优点的更先进储能飞轮。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。