储备的

Excess reserves refer to the part of deposits that surpasses required reserve.

超额储备金指的是超过法定储备的那部分存款。

Over holding of foreign exchange reserves not only affect the performance of currency policy, raised the pressure of the RMB appreciation and the risk of reserves negatively, but also deteriorate the efficiency of capital and resource of our country.

在外汇储备结构的研究中发现，我国外汇储备的来源结构波动性大，币种结构和投资结构过于集中，期限结构中缺乏短期投资，国际储备构成中外汇储备的比重偏大，民间储备比例偏低。

In the research to demand of International reserves,first, according to the affective character of demand to transition of International reserves, choosing the decision theory of Markov and dynamic transition equation as basic model, the paper has set up two transition methods--- stationary matrix and dynamic matrix, the later matrix has improved the sensitive reaction to time and velocity. Second, combining with knowledge of linear algebra, the paper has analyzed and testified the positive associated relation between transition matrix elements on main diagonal and the convergent speed of system, and explained why international reserves transition embodies the character under new situation and why the transition process can be accelerated by the strike of international idle money. Third,on the quantitative calculating to elements of transition matrix,referring to multiplication theory and decomposing-composing method of system, the paper has transformed main three-factor deciding confidence of international monetary into detail modulus by comparing analysis measure,now the matrix has been decided.

在国际储备的需求分析研究中，本文首先选择马尔可夫转移方程作为基础模型，根据需求对外汇储备结构的影响特点，提出非定常转移矩阵变换方法，拓展了马尔可夫变换对时间和速度的敏感性；结合线性代数知识，分析证明了定常转移矩阵的主对角线元素值的大小与系统的收敛速度的正向关联关系，并利用结论解释了国际货币新动向下外汇储备转换表现出的趋势特点以及国际游资冲击对国际货币结构变化的加速影响；在转移矩阵元素的量化计算上，本文参考乘数理论和系统分解合成原理，采用对比分析方法把影响国际货币信心的三大要素综合量化为转移偏好系数，然后根据转移偏好系数确定转移矩阵的元素值，其中还分别具体给出了定常转移矩阵和非定常转移矩阵的计算方法及在变换中的使用方法，从而不仅在定量分析上应证了定性分析结论，而且反映了随时间变化的美圆、欧元、日圆的比例结构均衡过程。

Studies have shown that the value of Japanese yen as international reserves are better than the U. S. dollar, Euro, Pound Sterling and other international reserve currencies viewed from both the market value and the time value.

研究表明，无论是从市场价值还是从时间价值考察，日元作为国际储备的价值都优于美元、欧元和英镑等国际储备货币。

There are three important theoretical models about the currency structure of reserves , namely property theory model, Heyler-Knight model and Dooley model.

本文认为需要综合考虑三大模型才能说明一国外汇储备的货币结构选择情况，因此，论文综合考虑这三大模型对中国外汇储备货币结构进行实证分析。

China have the most foreign exchange reserves in the world, we should adjust ocurrency composition of our foreige exchange reserves, increase the shares of Japanee yen reserves to reduce the risk of reserves and the loss from reserves.

我国是全球最大的外汇储备国，在外汇储备的框架内，我们应该调整外汇储备的币种结构，提高日元储备的份额，以降低储备的风险和减少储备的损失。

Based on the theory of the study, the paper explores the typic operation models of Chinese urban land banking.

本文以理论研究为切入点，从土地储备出发，引出城市土地储备，深入到城市土地储备的原理与运作机制。

The land bank agency on behalf of the Government or by the Government commissioned a land bank specializing in the development of institutions, agencies involved in land bank land bank and development activities in order to further deepen the reform of land use system, regulate the land market order, and related activities and shows that the Government acts, and its goal is to strengthen land management to achieve macro-control, which is to take the credit policy to achieve the overall objective of macro-control is consistent.

土地银行机构代表政府或由政府委托的土地储备专门从事发展的机构，机构参与的土地储备的土地储备和开发活动，以进一步深化土地使用制度，规范土地市场秩序，有关的活动，并显示了政府行为，其目标是加强土地管理，以实现宏观调控，这是采取的信贷政策，以实现其总体目标是宏观调控是一致的。

The sea is strapped (Liu Gongzhong, 1995) thinks one country lays in the modestest amount is the accrual that makes the cost of hold reserve is equal to hold to lay in.

海勒(刘红忠，1995)认为一国储备最适度量是使持有储备的成本等于持有储备的收益。

In view of High uncertainty exists in city land reserve system, and land demand prediction is a foundation for the confirmation of quantity of land reserve. Seasonal demand prediction model of city land is constructed by fitting ARIMA model with EViews soft, and has passed Box-Pierce Q test, which has shown that the model constructed is applicable in predicting the land demand of the city.

针对城市土地储备系统具有较高的不确定性及土地储备的滞后性，土地需求预测是土地储备数量合理确定的基础，利用EViews拟合ARIMA模型，建立了城市土地季节性需求预测模型，并通过了博克斯—皮尔斯Q统计量法检验，表明建立的模型适用于城市土地需求的动态分析和预测。

I didn't watch TV last night, because it .

昨晚我没有看电视，因为电视机坏了。

Since this year, in a lot of villages of Beijing, TV of elevator liquid crystal was removed.

今年以来，在北京的很多小区里，电梯液晶电视被撤了下来。