偿债基金

To make a bond issue more attractive to conservative investors, some corporations create a bond sinking fund, designated for repaying the bonds at maturity .

为了使发行的债券对稳健的投资者更具吸引力，有些公司设立了专门用于在到期日偿付债券的偿债基金。

The fifth part has proposed the suggestion of the appropriate scale of national debt of our country from the respects, such as the structure of the national debt, Set up the mechanism of sinking fund, etc.

第五部分从国债结构、建立偿债基金机制等方面提出了我国国债适度规模的建议。关键词：国债规模；结构；风险指标；对策

Two levels of government focus on urban areas through the coordination of the guarantor, bonds, sinking fund for SMEs to address the issue of bonds, while small and medium enterprises in accordance with the characteristics of the high cost of issuing bonds due in part to subsidize the costs associated with in order to reduce the cost of bond issuance integrated.

两级政府的重点放在城市地区通过担保人，债券协调，偿债基金，为中小企业解决债券的问题，而按照中小企业与发行债券部分由于成本高的特点补贴相关的成本，以降低债券发行成本的综合。

Government focus through the coordination of the guarantor bonds, sinking fund to resolve the issue of small and medium-sized bond, while small and medium-sized issuers in accordance with the characteristics of the high cost of the appropriate part of the costs associated with subsidies to reduce the cost of bond issuance integrated.

政府重点通过协调担保人债券、偿债基金解决中小企业债券问题，同时根据中小企业发债成本高的特点适当补贴部分的相关费用，以降低债券发行的综合成本。

Bond indentures also contain many provisions that make them more or less attractive to investors, such as a call option, convertibility, or a sinking fund.

债券契约同时还包含许多或多或少会吸引投资者的条款，例如买入期权，转换权，或是偿债基金。

Amortisation can also refer to the reduction of debt, either through periodic payments of principal and interest, or through use of a sinking fund.

摊销也可指通过分期还本付息或使用偿债基金减少债务。

Shortly after yearend, Berkshire sold two issues of debentures, totaling $250 million. Both issues mature in 2018 and will be retired at an even pace through sinking fund operations that begin in 1999. Our overall interest cost, after allowing for expenses of issuance, is slightly over 10%. Salomon was our investment banker, and its service was excellent.

在年度结束后不久，Berkshire发行了两期的债券，总共的金额是2.5亿美元，到期日皆为2018年并且会从1999年开始慢慢分期由偿债基金赎回，包含发行成本在内，平均的资金成本约在10%上下，负责这次发行债券的投资银行就是所罗门，他们提供了绝佳的服务。

In the end, I propose five policy recommendations to stay away from fiscal crisis and the improvement of fiscal sustainability. They are to regulate the behaviors of the government's administration and the income distribution, to establish the mechanism of keeping stable growth of government revenues, to establish sinking fund, to form the mechanism of coping with the government emergency, to set up fore-emergency system, to reinforce the management of foreign liabilities, and to reduce the probability of the occurrence of contingent liabilities crisis.

最后，提出了六点开放经济条件下促进我国财政风险防范及财政持续性的政策建议，它们分别为规范政府行政与收入分配行为，形成财政收入稳定增长机制；建立偿债基金，构建政府应急反映机制；设立预警系统，防范债务风险；加强外债管理，防范外债风险；降低或有债务风险转化为债务风险的程度；加强财政政策与货币政策的协调配合。

Models in the paper indicate that firms can make use of bond covenants such as the call provision, the put provision, the sinking fund provision and convertibility to increase the term to maturity of a bond issue and at the same time reduce the aggregate of the agency costs and transaction costs associated with it.

模型证明，发行企业债券时运用提前赎回条款、卖回条款、偿债基金条款和转换权等债券契约条款可以同时达到降低发债总成本和延长企业债券融资期限的目的。

For the last few years our insurance companies have not been a net purchaser of any straight long-term bonds (those without conversion rights or other attributes offering profit possibilities). There have been some purchases in the straight bond area, of course, but they have been offset by sales or maturities. Even prior to this period, we never would buy thirty or forty-year bonds; instead we tried to concentrate in the straight bondarea on shorter issues with sinking funds and on issues that seemed relatively undervalued because of bond market inefficiencies.

最近这几年来，我们的保险公司几乎未增加一般长期债券方面的部位(Straight long-term Bond)(即不含转换权或可提供额外获利可能性的债券)，即使有买进也是为了弥补先前到期或出售的部位，而在此之前，我们也从未投资那些长达三、四十年的债券，顶多是那些较短期且备有偿债基金或是因市场缺乏效率而使得价格被低估的债券。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。