偏光

The lyotropic liquid crystal morphology of polycaprolactone/ethyl cellulose blends in dichloroacetic acid has been studied by a polarizing light micrograph.

利用偏光显微镜研究了乙基纤维素与聚己内酯共混物在二氯乙酸中的溶致性液晶形态。

The UV and IR spectroscopic studies of the monomer films showed that the photoreaction ratio of monomer (about 50%) was higher than the corresponding photosensitive polymer (about 10%, PVCi). The polarized IR spectra proved that obvious anisotropic absorption was displayed in the irradiated photosensitive film. With polarizing microscopy method, we found that these kinds of photoalignment films exhibited good alignment ability, and the stability of the photoalignment film could reach about 100℃. 2 A photosensitive self-assembled monolayer was fabricated that contained photo-cycloadditable groups, such as, coumarin and cinnamate. The reaction process were detected by contact angle method because the IR absorption of monolayer was very weak. The photosensitive self-assembled monolayer promote uniform alignment of nematic liquid crystals by LPUV, and it thermal stability could reach about 130℃. 3 A cationic bolaform amphiphiles was synthesized that had two photosensitive double bonds, and can be polymerized by ultraviolet. A layer-by-layer self-assembled deposition film was prepared in aqueous solution by using this material and poly (sodium 4-styrenesulfonate). The UV-Vis. spectra proved that the multilayers film was uniform and layer-by-layer. When LPUV irradiated the film, the photopolymerizable double bond underwent [2+2] cycloaddition, and the production of the reaction distributed along the polarized direction of incident LPUV. Polarized UV-Vis. spectra indicated that the irradiated self-assembled multiplayer film was anisotropic, and the dichromic ration is about 0.09, it is higher than the spin-coating method of photosensitive polymer or monomer. We used this anisotropic film as alignment layer of nematic liquid crystals, and obtained a uniform and stability alignment result, the static contrast ratio is about 100, which is very close to application of liquid crystal device. This thesis is an instance that the photochemical material was used in the physics region of liquid crystals, the route that was from photosensitive monomer, self-assembled monolayer film to self-assembled multiplayer film was undergone, by this logical research method photoailgnment of liquid crystal was extended and consummated.

围绕上述思路开展了如下工作：1合成了三种可进行光二聚反应的光敏小分子单体，LPUV 辐照制作了光控取向膜；用紫外-可见光谱法和红外光谱法分析了薄膜中的光化学反应，发现小分子的光反应程度可达到50%以上，至少比光敏高分子高出5倍；薄膜的偏振红外光谱证实，经过LPUV 辐照后薄膜出现了明显的各向异性；将小分子光控取向膜制成液晶器件，在偏光显微镜下观察看到均匀一致的液晶取向；并且热稳定性达到100℃左右，接近实用化要求。2制备了含肉桂酸、香豆素基团的自组装单层膜；采用接触角的方法监测自组装反应的动力学过程；紫外-可见光谱证实了自组装单层膜在石英基板表面形成；自组装单层膜经LPUV 辐照后能诱导液晶均匀取向，而且热稳定性可达130℃，热稳定性进一步提高。3合成了含有光敏双键的双季铵盐，在水溶液状态下将它和聚乙烯基苯磺酸钠沉积生成layer-by-layer 自组装多层膜，紫外-可见光谱证实这是一个逐层均匀的沉积；在LPUV 照射下，自组装膜中的光敏双键按照偏振方向发生[2+2]环加成反应，形成取向膜，用二向色性值评价的分子取向度高于高分子及小分子光控取向膜的水平；实验证明用自组装多层膜制成的液晶器件亮暗态均匀，静态对比度约为100，达到实用化器件的水平。

Twelve regular copolyesters were synthesized by solution polycondensations of the four monomers with hydroquinone, chlorohydroquinone, 4,4'-dihydroxy biphenyl. The copolyesters were characterized by polarized microscope with hot stage, DSC and X-ray diffraction.

将上述单体与对苯二酚、氯代对苯二酚以及联苯二酚用溶液缩聚的方法合成了十二种规则共聚酯，并用热台偏光显微镜、DSC、X-衍射等方法对共聚酯进行了表征。

A series of hydrogen-bonding associated main-chain complexes based on dipyridyl and dicarboxylic acid derivatives have been prepared by slow solvent evaporation, and a comparative investigation has been conducted on their thermotropic phase transitions and liquid crystalline behavior by FTIR, DSC and polarized optical microscopy.

采用慢挥发溶剂组装方法制备了一系列羧酸/吡啶氢键缔合的主链型超分子复合物，并采用FTIR， DSC以及偏光显微镜等对其相转变与热致液晶相行为进行了比较研究。

In addition, molecular orientation behaviors induced by shearing, electric field and magnetic field were investigated. The space group of the monomers A3EO7 and A9EO7 were determined as P2〓2〓2 and P112/m by means of electron diffraction and X-ray diffraction. Liquid crystalline properties of the monomer and the polymer were studied using DSC, variable X-ray diffraction, TEM and polarized optical microscope. Both monomers exhibit monotropic liquid crystalline behavior, and they also give a metastable phase on the cooling process. The polymer PA9EO7 shows enantiotropic liquid crystalline properties. Thus the rigid polymer backbone is not a fatal defect that completely distorts the packing arrangement of the mesogenic moiety in the side chain liquid crystalline polyacetylene.

结合电子衍射倾转方法和粉末X射线衍射技术，确定了两个液晶小分子A3EO7和A9EO7的晶胞参数和空间群，采用Cerius〓模拟软件，运用分子模拟的方法给出了小分子在晶胞中的排列方式；利用DSC、变温X射线衍射技术和透射电子显微镜研究了小分子和聚合物的液晶态，单体A3EO7和A9EO7表现出单向液晶性质，并且在降温过程中都表现出一个亚稳液晶相或亚稳结晶相，聚合物PA9EO7具有双向液晶性；采用偏光显微镜和X射线平板照相技术，研究了剪切和电场对聚合物分子取向的影响，在不同的液晶态，剪切作用对聚合物PA9EO7具有不同的诱导取向结果，直流电场可以诱导聚合物联苯液晶基元沿施加电场方向取向。

Using the SEM, polarized light microscope and X-ray analytical method, granule morphology, granulitization and Non-crystalline of starch with non-crystallized granule state were investigated. Corn, tapioca and potato of non-crystalline had blowing out pole. Some poles of non-crystallized corn were big and deep, and the other little and low. Pole of tapioca of non-crystalline was low, and pole of potato was a big, deep stripe.

采用扫描电镜、偏光显微镜、X-射线等分析测试手段，对非晶颗粒态淀粉颗粒形貌以及颗粒性、非晶性进行了研究，发现非晶玉米、木薯、马铃薯淀粉均具有爆裂孔，其中非晶玉米淀粉颗粒的孔有的大而深，有的小而浅；而非晶木薯淀粉颗粒的爆裂孔较浅，而非晶马铃薯淀粉则形成一大而深的长条形的爆裂孔。

It was proved by the DSC and heatable stage polarizing microscope that in the temperature falling process, the initial temperature of the crystallite was 5 - 20 ℃ lower than that of the reference sample.

测试结果显示：这种复合材料的纺丝温度降低了15℃左右，DSC和热台偏光显微镜实验证实了在降温过程中，微晶出现的起始温度比对照样品降低了5～20℃。

We studied their properties by IR, NMR, OPM and DSC and found that the ratio of Cu2+/DK-C11-C12 affects the mesomorphic temperature range and the results show that chelating units can play a mesogen function.c Synthesis and mesomorphic properties study of Cu-coordinating liquid crystalline polysilsesquioxanes with heptyl group on the side chain.

2对以β-二酮为侧链的梯形无规聚硅氧烷铜络合物用IR，NMR进行了结构表征，用DSC，偏光显微镜等方法进行了液晶性能的表征，并与同类化合物的性能进行了比较和研究，结果表明：Cu~(2+)含量对液晶相温度区间有明显的影响。

The liquid crystallinities of Ladderlike polysiloxane compounds were studied by the methods of DSC, X-ray, PLM and etc.

在合成之后，我们通过DSC、X-ray衍射和偏光显微镜对其液晶性能进行了研究。

The analysis results with polarizing microscope show that CW slurry has excellent permeability and wettability on lamprophyre, and can be continuously permeated into microfractures and remarkably improve the mechanical property of the rocks.

通过灌浆前、后偏光显微镜分析可以看出：CW高性能化学灌浆材料对煌斑岩具有良好的渗透性、浸润性，能均匀、连续分布于岩样的微细裂隙间。

The split between the two groups can hardly be papered over.

这两个团体间的分歧难以掩饰。

This approach not only encourages a greater number of responses, but minimizes the likelihood of stale groupthink.

这种做法不仅鼓励了更多的反应，而且减少跟风的可能性。