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This thesis is divided into six parts. The first chapter is preface, the current status of research in the inverse problems for parabolic partial differential equations is reported; the second chapter is "regularization methods for numerical differentiation and their applications ", in this chapter we investigate many regularization methods from a viewpoint of regularization theory and algorithm, some applications in the inverse problems for parabolic partial differential equations are given; the third chapter is "spectral regularization methods". Based on Fourier analysis, within the framework of regularization theory, we apply the spectral methods to some ill-posed problems. Many numerical experiments are done in order to show the validity of the methods; the fourth chapter is devoted to wavelet dual least squares method and a revised wavelet method; in the fifth chapter,we combine finite difference method with method of lines and apply it to the backward heat conduction problem in time; in the sixth chapter "identification problems for unknown source ", the essence and the degree of two problems related to source identification are pointed out, at the same time, some numerical methods are reported.

本文分为六个部分，第一章前言简要分析了国内外抛物型偏微分方程反问题的研究现状；第二章数值微分的正则化及其应用从正则化理论和算法的角度出发，考察了许多正则化方法，还给出了数值微分在抛物型偏微分方程反问题的一些应用；第三章谱正则化方法是在Fourier分析的基础上，在一般正则化理论的框架下，给出了这种方法在各种不适定问题中的应用，数值实验表明谱方法是有效的；第四章研究了小波对偶最小二乘方法和改进的小波方法；第五章主要研究了有限差分方法结合线方法在时间反向热传导问题中的应用；第六章是未知源识别问题，主要指出了两类未知源问题的不适定程度和不适定本质，同时报告了一些数值方法。

Numerical simulation and shaking table tests for acceleration response of piles in liquefiable ground were performed under three earthquake events.

结果表明：三种地震输入下，自下而上沿桩-柱墩长度方向，加速度峰值放大系数变化基本一致且均出现在10～20s时段内，加速度时程曲线的形状也极其相似；压缩0.15g El Centro波输入下加速度反应在砂土层与黏土层过渡带有增大趋势、在地表则有一定程度减小，且压缩0.15g El Centro波较0.15g El Centro波输入下均偏小，0.15g El Cen-tro波输入下自下而上桩的加速度时程幅值和峰值放大系数的试验值、计算值均一直有较大幅度增大；0.5g El Centro波输入下，加速度时程幅值的计算值和试验值在桩折断位置之下一直增大、至砂土层与黏土层过渡带则大大减小，加速度峰值放大系数的试验值和计算值在砂土层与黏土层过渡带突变增大、而在地表则明显减小，且较0.15g El Centro波输入下桩的峰值放大系数要偏小。

I opted for a brown olive shade in Poly-S acrylic purely because most all my other Soviet vehicles are in a more forest green.

我选择了一种Poly-S的偏棕的橄榄绿丙烯颜料，完全因为我其他的苏联装备都偏丛林绿。

The experiment shows that negative pressure exists in the roof of pressure tunnel outlet and open channel segment, strong water-wing on sidewall, unstable flow in open channel.

结果表明，原设计方案压力洞出口顶板和明渠段存在负压，侧墙水翅高，明渠中水流不稳，流态差，水流空化数偏低，底空腔偏小，水流掺气能力不足。

Based on the method of digital signal processing,the design of measuring system of PM optical fibre polarization characteristics is put forward.

基于数字信号处理技术，本文提出了保偏光纤偏振特性测试系统的硬件和软件设计。

The magnitude of the stress was calculated according to the intensity of the polarization mode coupling. The location of the stress was determined by calculating the optical path difference of the two orthogonal polarization modes.

由偏振模耦合的强度计算应力的大小，通过由双折射引起的2个正交的偏振模的光程差计算应力的位置。

The judging speed is accelerated To assure generating correct tool paths in 3-axis NC machining, the processing plans of undercut and overcut situations for whole tool trajectories are discussed Sometimes certain of complex problems can be simplified using an approximating surface offset strategy presented The surface reconstruction technology in reverse engineering is studied deeply.

讨论了三轴数控加工球头铣刀关于整个刀轨路径的漏切与过切的检查和处理方法，保证最终生成正确的刀具路径。研究了曲面偏距问题，提出了一种曲面近似偏距新策略，在保证正确结果的前提下，将复杂问题简单化。深入研究了逆向工程中散乱数据点的曲面重构技术。

In addition, this approach was used in the estimation of the composition of the product P with a single time delay system in the oil refinery process. In comparison to the filtering approach without delay information, the estimation error of the proposed method is smaller.

应用本文所提方法对由石油精炼过程构成的单时滞系统中的产品 P 含量进行了估计，并与时滞无关的无偏H∞滤波器相比，时滞有关的无偏H∞滤波器的估计精度高，说明了本文方法的可行性。

This leads to a parabolic partial differential equation for price of bond.

假设利率变化的模型是由随机微分方程给出的，则可以用推倒Black－Scholes方程的方法来推出债券价格满足的偏微分方程，得到一个抛物型的偏微分方程。

ISO834 and parametric equation approach are lack of pertinence. The results may be too conservative. The temperature obtained by zone model is low, so that it is not suitable for the performance-based fire protection design on this structure. Field model considers the heterogeneity of environmental temperature, and its result is close to the real fire, so that it is commended to the performance-based fire protection design on steel staggered-truss structure.

国际标准升温曲线和参数化室内升温曲线不考虑火源功率、建筑通风口等因素，缺乏针对性，分析结果偏于保守；区域模型所得温度偏低，不宜用于交错桁架结构的性能化抗火设计；场模型考虑了火源功率及环境温度分布的不均匀性，和实际火灾较接近，计算结果相对较为准确，可用于结构的性能化防火设计。

The objective is to subjugate and discourage the people, because that allows the elite to continue to rule unopposed.

其目的是压制和打击人民的积极性，因为这可以让实权派继续统治不会沦为反对派。

GOD,this is the second time you vanquished me!

天啊，这是第二次你打败了我！