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Firstly, for the oxidation reactions of 1,2,4-trimethylbenzene to trimellitic acid, a simplified first-order series-parallel model was proposed, and kinetic equations in constant catalyst concentration and fixed solvent ratio were set up according to the above model.

首先，提出了偏三甲苯液相空气氧化为串、并联一级反应的简化模型。在固定催化剂浓度及溶剂比条件下，建立了偏三甲苯氧化及生成偏苯三酸的动力学方程。

The results show that a sound bonded interface is obtained without sheet inclusion, pore and unbinding. The microstructure consists of bulk α-Mg phase and needle compound in the weld metal, element Al diffuses along the grain boundary of the substrate into the welding line. A little Y diffuses into the base metal. A little Mn and Cu segregate and element Ni distributes homogeneously and no segregation appears in weld area.

结果表明：界面接合良好，未观察到片状夹杂物、气孔及未焊合等缺陷；焊缝区由块状α-Mg相和针状化合物组成，基体中的Al元素通过晶界扩散偏聚到焊缝中，微量Y元素扩散到基体中，有少量的Mn和Cu元素发生偏聚，Ni元素分布均匀，没有发生偏聚现象。

The cold Australia land always corresponds to strong Australian High or frequent cold air activities,which is favorable to the formation of strong cross-equatorial flow;The cold underlaying surface to the south of channel always corresponds to weak Walker circulation,which is also favorable to the formation of strong cross-equatorial flow;The warm Indo-China peninsula and cold South China Sea,as well as the strong heat source near the Philippines,all can correspond to strong convergence zone in north hemisphere,which is favorable to the formation of strong cross-equatorial flow.

冷澳洲大陆通常对应强澳高或频繁冷空气活动，其有利于强越赤道气流的形成；通道南部下垫面偏冷通常对应弱Walker环流，其有利于强越赤道气流的形成；偏暖中南半岛下垫面—偏冷南海下垫面、菲律宾附近强热源多对应北半球较强辐合带，它们都有利于强越赤道气流的形成；弱越赤道气流对应的强迫因子及环流因子的特征则与上述相反。

The paper point out the problems of the consumption structure of Yanbian urban residents through studying it: the percent of food consumption expenditure is relatively large; the consumption structure between people who have different income have great difference; compared with the developed areas in our china,the consumption structure of Yanbian is different; the percent of residents savings deposits is relatively large;Meanwhile, through studying the consumption structure of Yanbian urban residents, we also can fina that:The overall income level of residents is low; Distribution gap of income is too large; industrial structure is unbalance; population aging and unharmony of the consumption environment and so on ,which is the fundamental reason why caused these problems.

本文通过对延边城镇居民消费结构的研究，指出城镇居民消费结构中存在的问题：食品消费支出中的粮食消费支出偏大；不同收入群体消费结构差异较大；与发达地区消费结构差异较大；居民储蓄存款比例偏大。并且通过分析发现：居民整体收入水平偏低；收入分配差距过大；产业结构失衡；人口老年化和消费环境不和谐等因素，是引起这些问题的根本原因。

This paper introduced the concept of information entropy for analyzing the influence of DEM resolution on topographic characteristics(slope,upslope area per unit contour length and topographic index) calculation.

本文以褒河流域为例，引入信息熵的概念量化分析了 DEM分辨率对地形特征(坡度、单宽上坡集水面积和地形指数)计算的影响，发现随着 DEM分辨率的降低，计算得到的坡度值偏小，单宽上坡集水面积值偏大，从而导致地形指数计算值偏大。

Results of this work also showed that some leaning color phenomena, like purple side, blued and so on, can be found commendably by using NCM colour space.

这项工作的结果还表明，有些偏色现象，像偏紫色、偏蓝色等等，可以通过使用NCM色彩空间能很好的找出来。

To overcome the shortcomings of the traditional active decoying theory confronting an ARM(Anti-Radiation Missile),the monopulse angle is utilized tracking principles to deduce in the Cartesian coordinate system the bias angle formulas due to multiple sources.

针对反辐射导弹传统有源诱偏理论的不足，从单脉冲雷达跟踪合成波阵面法线方向的理论出发，对多个辐射源的诱偏公式在三维空间中作了推导，对多目标影响建立了较通用的干扰模型并分析得到该模型具有当只有一个干扰源时，诱偏方位角偏差跟目标干扰源方位角之差有关的特点，同时诱偏仰角偏差也有类似的特点。

In order to probe the relationships between wave equation offset domain common image gathers/angle domain common image gathers with migration velocity, we quantitatively derive the changes of ODCIGs and ADCIGs along with migration velocity on the assumption of uniform velocity medium with a horizontal reflector. We come to conclusion that ODCIGs are hyperbolas with half offset; on the contrary, they are ellipses. Combined with the results of depth focusing analysis, we find the apparent incident angles in ADCIGs are larger than the real incident angles when the migration velocity is larger than the true one and vice versa. With lower migration velocity, the residual moveout on ADCIGs is an ellipse with the tangent of apparent incident angle; otherwise, it's a hyperbola.

为了得到波动方程偏移距域共成像点道集和角度域共成像点道集与偏移速度的关系，在匀速单层水平反射情况下，对ODCIGs和ADCIGs随偏移速度的变化进行了定量的推导，得到偏移速度偏小时ODCIGs与半偏移距成双曲关系，反之成椭圆关系；结合深度聚焦分析，得到偏移速度偏大时ADCIGs中视入射角大于真入射角，反之，小于真入射角；在速度偏小时，ADCIGs上剩余时差与视入射角的正切值成椭圆关系，反之成双曲关系。

The average percent value of G C (49.3%) was less than that of A T (50.7%), there was a bias of the content of G, T in the third codon; The number of transition G-A and T-C were 22, 15 respectively, which were higher than that of transition A-G and C-T, the number of tranversion C-A, T-G is 2 respectively, and other tranversion patterns didnt occur; the probability of transition was higher than that of tranversion , Ts/Tv = 9.5-19, there was the highest number of transition in the third codon. The gamma parameter a of the lst,nd and 3rd codon positions were 0.00572,0.01237 and 1.05239 respectively, they showed that there was adifferent substitution rate at different codon position. Frequences of synonymous codon usage were relatively biased. The average rates of synonymous and nonsynonymous substitution were 0.0787, 0.0011 respectively, there was a significant difference between dS and dN (Z = 4.713, p.01), and the low ratio( CD = 0.0284 .3) of dN/dS ratio impled that there were selective constraints against the nonsynonymous sites in cyt-b gene, The distribution of nonsynonymous codon substitution pattern related to Grantharm distance indicated that the purified selection at 2nd codon positions was more intensive than that at 1st codon positions. The phylogenetic trees supported the view of the double origin of Chinese goose, which means that domestic Chinese goose was derived from Anser cygnoides and domestic European goose, and Yili was derived from Anser anser.

碱基含量分析可知，序列的G C含量(49.3％)＜A T含量(50.7％)，密码子第三位点的G、T含量都有较强的偏倚性；序列间G→A和T→C的转换数(22次和15次)高于A→G和C→T的转换数(10次和9次)，C→A、T→G颠换数均为2次，其余颠换模式均未发生；转换数明显高于颠换数，Ts／Tv=9.5～19，密码子第三位点的转换数最高，呈现了相当强烈的转换偏倚性；密码子第一、二和三位点的gamma分布参数α值分别为0.00572、0.01237和1.05239，表明密码子第一位点的替换速率变异最大，第二位点次之，第三位点的替换速率变异相对较小；编码同一氨基酸的同义密码子并非随机使用，表现出一定程度的使用偏倚性；同义替换速率和非同义替换速率分别为0.0787和0.0011，dS与dN值间的差异极显著(Z=4.713，p＜0.01)，而ω=0.0284，明显小于0.3，表明雁属鹅细胞色素b基因序列经历了中度净化选择作用；单步非同义替换(Sing-step nonsymonymous codon substitution，SSNCS)分布模式与Grantharm距离之间的关系说明密码子的三个位点所受的净化选择强度不同；构建的最大简约树与邻接树拓扑结构一致，支持中国家鹅的双起源学说，即除伊犁鹅外的其它中国鹅品种起源于鸿雁，伊犁鹅和欧洲的郎德鹅、莱茵鹅起源于灰雁。

In the course of experiment ,level polarization image and vertical polarization image are incepted with two CCDs, then polarization degree of different targets using average grey of two images is calculated.

实验中，先分别用CCD1和CCD2接收水平偏振图像和竖直偏振图像，然后，根据两幅图像的平均灰度值I和I，算出了不同目标反射光的偏振度。

John Robbins lives with his family in Santa Cruz, California.

约翰罗宾和家人居住在加利福尼亚州的圣克鲁斯县。

The international background is mainly the economic ties among different nations tented to be widen and deepen at the peace and development times.

国际背景主要是和平与发展时代条件下的世界各国经济贸易联系的日益加深。