偏

The polarization light used to affect the accuracy of optical test instrument, optical sensor and the quality of optical communication system, the depolarizer can be used to decrease the affection. Different kinds of depolarizer have different applications, so we need select proper kind of depolarizer for special application.

偏振光会对光学仪器测量精度、光通信系统传输质量及传感器精度产生影响，通常可以采用退偏器来减小这种影响，但每种退偏器都有一定的应用范围，要根据不同的应用来设计选择相应的退偏器类型。

Depolarizer can be used to reducepolarization-dependent damage and thus polarization-related problems can be solvedin optical fiber communication systems, measuring instrument and optical fibersensor. PMD emulator is used to mimic PMD behavior of real optical fibertransmission systems, and it is one of the key technologies for solving PMDproblems.

消偏器可以有效地消除偏振损害，解决光纤通信系统、测量仪器及传感器中的偏振相关问题；PMD模拟器用以模拟实际光纤的PMD现象，是解决PMD问题的关键技术之一。

As a professional manufacturer of Optical and crystal Components, Foctek supplies Quality Products including High Precision Prism, Lens, Filter, Window, Beamsplitter, Mirror, Quartz Waveplate, Polarizer, Depolarizer, Polarization Beamsplitter, Micro Optics, Laser Crystals and NLO Crystals and Magneto-Optical Material, etc.

福特科是一个专业的光学和晶体元件制造商，公司的产品主要包括高精度棱镜，透镜，光学窗片，滤波片，反射镜，分光棱镜，波片，偏振器，偏振分光棱镜，消偏振器，微光学元件，激光晶体，非线性光学晶体，磁光材料等。

The distributed pattern shows different between the probability distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section of different depth.

在毛乌素沙地，喷灌前后土壤含水率等值线垂直分布均具有显著的垂直分层特征；在喷灌结束24h后，喷灌前土壤含水率的垂直分布与喷灌后土壤含水率的垂直分布间地相关性较弱；灌水前土壤初始含水率的概率分布形态均表现为较典型的左偏态分布，灌后土壤含水率分布形态表现为左偏态、右偏形态或正态分布；雨量筒水深概率分布与土壤不同深度剖面层水平方向的含水率概率分布在形态特征上表现出一定程度的差异，雨量筒水深分布与水平层土壤含水率分布、灌后相邻深度层土壤含水率分布、之间的相关程度较高，其相关性随着剖面深度和层间距的增加而降低。

In the Mu Us desert, either vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation or vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation shows obviously vertical-layered character. When the irrigation is finished 24 hours later, there is little correlation between vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram before irrigation and vertical distributions of soil moisture isogram after irrigation. All of probability distribution of soil water content before irrigation are left-skewed distribution, but some of probability distribution of soil water content after irrigation is left-skewed distribution, some is right-skewed distribution or normal distribution. The distributed pattern shows different between the probability distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section of different depth. There is close correlation between the distribution of water depth of rain gauge and that of soil moisture in horizontal section, but the correlation debases as the horizontal section turns deeper. Also after irrigation close correlation occurs between the distribution of soil moisture of layers bordering upon each other, but which reduces with space of different layers being larger.

在毛乌素沙地，喷灌前后土壤含水率等值线垂直分布均具有显著的垂直分层特征；在喷灌结束24h后，喷灌前土壤含水率的垂直分布与喷灌后土壤含水率的垂直分布间地相关性较弱；灌水前土壤初始含水率的概率分布形态均表现为较典型的左偏态分布，灌后土壤含水率分布形态表现为左偏态、右偏形态或正态分布；雨量筒水深概率分布与土壤不同深度剖面层水平方向的含水率概率分布在形态特征上表现出一定程度的差异，雨量筒水深分布与水平层土壤含水率分布、灌后相邻深度层土壤含水率分布、之间的相关程度较高，其相关性随着剖面深度和层间距的增加而降低。

Based on these, the polarization sensitivity model and software of space remote sensor are established, by using the method of polarization ray tracing. Applying the model and software, the linear polarization sensitivity of the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer and the dichroic system are calculated and analyzed.

在这个基础上，利用偏振光线追迹的方法，作者建立了航天遥感器的偏振灵敏度模型及相应的软件；并利用遥感器的偏振灵敏度模型及软件对中分辨率成像光谱仪总系统以及分色镜系统的线偏振灵敏度进行了计算和分析。

The paper expounded internal difference between 0/0 of the derivative and of algebra, and discussed in detail the dual nature of 0/0 about algebraic substance of derivative on the basis of the philosophical thought about the concept of the differential quotient of Marx and Engels, and thus answered how derivative itself is converted to differential quotient logically.Then the discussion was extended to the Concept of the partial derivative, and proved that the form of differential quotient converted f...

本文依据马克思、恩格斯关于微商概念的哲学思想，阐述了代数的0/0与导数的0/0的内在差异，并详细讨论了导数的代数实体0/0的双重性质，从而回答了导数本身是如何合平逻辑地转化为微商的问题；其次，把这一讨论推广到偏导数的概念中去，论证了偏导数转化为微商形式的合理性，以及偏微商表述的意义，文中还就微商所牵涉到的形式逻辑与辩证逻辑的问题做了具体分析。

The paper expounded internal difference between 0/0 of the derivative and of algebra, and discussed in detail the dual nature of 0/0 about algebraic substance of derivative on the basis of the philosophical thought about the concept of the differential quotient of Marx and Engels, and thus answered how derivative itself is converted to differential quotient logically.Then the discussion was extended to the Concept of the partial derivative, and proved that the form of differential quotient converted from pa...

本文依据马克思、恩格斯关于微商概念的哲学思想，阐述了代数的0/0与导数的0/0的内在差异，并详细讨论了导数的代数实体0/0的双重性质，从而回答了导数本身是如何合平逻辑地转化为微商的问题；其次，把这一讨论推广到偏导数的概念中去，论证了偏导数转化为微商形式的合理性，以及偏微商表述的意义，文中还就微商所牵涉到的形式逻辑与辩证逻辑的问题做了具体分析。

He took part in the research on the project of the Nation 863 Plan and the research on divertor physics for EAST superconductor tokamak, the Nation Large Science Project, he was responsible for "synthetic design research of advanced property divertor in fusion reactor" and "research for formative mechanism and properties of naturally diverted layer in a low aspect ratio tokamak fusion reactor" supported by Nation Nature Science Foundation of China.

曾参与国家863计划项目研究和国家大科学工程EAST超导托卡马克偏滤器物理研究，负责主持国家自然科学基金项目"聚变堆高性能偏滤器综合设计研究"和"低环径比托卡马克自然偏滤层形成机理与特性研究"。

It introduces causes of formation of polarization mode dispersion、describing methods in internet and some important concepts about PMD,for example double refraction, coupling, primary polarization state and so on.

介绍了偏振模色散的成因、国际上常用的描述方法以及有关偏振模色散的一些重要概念，如：双折射，耦合，主偏振态等。

John Robbins lives with his family in Santa Cruz, California.

约翰罗宾和家人居住在加利福尼亚州的圣克鲁斯县。

The international background is mainly the economic ties among different nations tented to be widen and deepen at the peace and development times.

国际背景主要是和平与发展时代条件下的世界各国经济贸易联系的日益加深。