假设检验

The set of values of the test statistic for which the test rejects the null is the rejection region, and the values of the test statistic for which it does not reject the null is the acceptance region.

假设检验中，使得零假设被拒绝的检验统计量的取值范围称为拒绝域，使得零假设不能被拒绝的检验统计量的取值范围成为接受域。

In single-side hypothesis testing,the exchange of the null hypothesis and alternative hypothesis would induce two different testing results sometimes.

在单侧检验中，有时由于交换原假设与备择假设，会得到两个不同的假设检验结果。

We have mainly discussed the different selection of the original hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis which affected the result of hypothesis testing , and put forward a general principle how to select correctly the original hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis.

主要讨论了原假设和备择假设的不同选取对假设检验结果的影响，提出了如何正确选取原假设和备择假设的1般原则。

According to the basic principle of hypothesis testing,three kinds of one sided hypothesis testing with the same reject region at the same significant level α are given and how to choose primary hypothesis and alternative hypothesis at the actual application and correlation are also pointed out.

根据假设检验的基本原理，给出 3种单侧假设检验在相同的显著性水平下具有相同的拒绝域，并指出在实际应用中如何选择原假设和备择假设及其相互关系。

Secondly, based on the FO estimate, we formulate the timing error and channel estimation as a problem of composite hypothesis testing according to the first signal model, and then solve the problem by the composite hypothesis testing approaches.

该估计方法包括两步：第一步是根据第二个系统模型，推导了一种有效的最大似然频偏估计器；第二步是根据所获得的频偏估计值，利用第一个系统模型，将定时误差和信道估计表示成一个复合假设检验问题，然后再利用复合假设检验方法进行定时误差和信道估计。

Besides, we have studied deeply error of two kinds which appeared frequently in the hypothesis testing (error of the first kind and error of the second kind), including the relations to error of two kinds and its effect to the result of hypothesis testing and the effective control of error of two kinds so as to be satisfying and etc.

另外，对假设检验中经常出现的两类错误（第一类错误和第二类错误）也作了深入的探讨，其中涉及到了两类错误之间的关系，两类错误对假设检验结果的影响以及如何有效的控制两类错误使之达到令人满意的程度等。

Generalized Linear Models are an extension of the linear modeling process that allows models to be fit to data that follow probability distributions other than the Normal distribution, such as the Poisson, Binomial, Multinomial, and etc.. Generalized Linear Models also relax the requirement of equality or constancy of variances that is required for hypothesis tests in traditional linear models. Hypothesis tests applied to the Generalized Linear Model do not require normality of the response variable, nor do they require homogeneity of variances.

广义线性模型是线性模型的扩展，对数据的要求不必局限于服从正态分布，同时放松了对"方差一致性"的要求，这在传统的一般线性模型假设检验中是必不可少的，而在广义线性模型假设检验中，响应变量也可以服从其它分布（如：泊松分布，二项分布及多项分布等）。

The main research methods are:(1)Theory analysis:from the 2D plane geometry analysis, dots continuity characteristics are found. The first time irrational fraction algorithm is used in FM program.(2)Experiments reaearch:experiments of condition halftone function are designed under the cross-experiment principles. The first time variable information printer and C# language are used in experiment.(3)Data processing:new type digital density apparatus is used to measure data. Compare is used in processing data and error cause are explained. The main works as follows:The dot area percentage has been gained and new condition halftone function has been set up.(2)After being corrected, speed of irrational fraction algorithm has been compared with multiplicative congruence algorithm's.

本文的主要研究方法有：(1)理论分析：运用数字加网原理，从二维平面几何分析入手，借助实验验证研究网点连续特性；首次系统地把无理数取尾法随机数生成器引入到调频加网系统中，根据实验修正生成器的模型，运用统计假设检验理论，对生成的随机数序列进行统计假设检验；(2)实验研究：根据正交实验法则设计实验，首次采用可变信息印刷机(HP Laser PS印刷机)输出实验样张，克服了用传统胶印机作实验影响因素多的缺陷；采用新型数字式密度仪测量密度值，提高了数据精度；采用最新编程语言编写调频加网程序；(3)数据处理与分析：利用平均值比较法处理数据，对误差产生的原因进行讨论。

Hypothesis testing involves trying to "prove" the alternative hypothesis by disproving and rejecting the null hypothesis.

假设检验--通过检验分析统计假设。假设检验力图通过否决原假设而&证明&备择假设。

And has done the tired life test of the hypoid gear. As the samples of the test data of gear life test is very few, the author has made the error model of tes tinghypotheses when using k-s method, the auther presented a testing hypotheses method which can make use of the information of the samples and reduce the error of probability Calculation. It is Called"the improved K-s method". The author has used this method to deal witch the life test datas and the result is identical with the result of the theoretical calculation.

为对锥齿轮进行疲劳寿命试验，结合其它科研项目，研制了多功能数控齿轮传动试验台，并在该试验台上以SC110锥齿轮为试件进行了疲劳寿命试验，针对齿轮寿命试验数据一般样本很少的情况，建立了用K—S法进行分布律假设检验的误差模型，并提出了一种能充分利用样本信息，大大提高检验精度的小样本分布假设检验的新方法——改进的K—S法，并用该法对寿命试验数据进行了处理，得到了与理论分析计算一致的结论。

According to the clear water experiment, aeration performance of the new equipment is good with high total oxygen transfer coefficient and oxygen utilization ratio.

曝气设备的动力效率在叶轮转速为120rpm～150rpm时取得最大值，此时氧利用率和充氧能力也具有较高值。

The environmental stability of that world - including its crushing pressures and icy darkness - means that some of its most famous inhabitants have survived for eons as evolutionary throwbacks, their bodies undergoing little change.

稳定的海底环境─包括能把人压扁的压力和冰冷的黑暗─意谓海底某些最知名的栖居生物已以演化返祖的样态活了万世，形体几无变化。